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    Martin Luther was a German monk who helped spark the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. Dissatisfied with corruption in the Catholic Church, including the selling of indulgences, Luther publicly criticized these practices and nailed his 95 Theses to a church door calling for reform. When the pope excommunicated Luther for refusing to recant his writings, Luther broke from the Catholic Church and helped establish Lutheranism. Luther's ideas spread widely through his translations of the Bible and writings aided by the printing press, leading to the formation of new Protestant denominations across Europe and religious wars between Catholics and Protestants.

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    Martin Luther was a German monk who helped spark the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. Dissatisfied with corruption in the Catholic Church, including the selling of indulgences, Luther publicly criticized these practices and nailed his 95 Theses to a church door calling for reform. When the pope excommunicated Luther for refusing to recant his writings, Luther broke from the Catholic Church and helped establish Lutheranism. Luther's ideas spread widely through his translations of the Bible and writings aided by the printing press, leading to the formation of new Protestant denominations across Europe and religious wars between Catholics and Protestants.

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    175 views19 pages

    Martin Luther: The Protestant Reformation

    Uploaded by

    Vaishali Mishra
    Martin Luther was a German monk who helped spark the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. Dissatisfied with corruption in the Catholic Church, including the selling of indulgences, Luther publicly criticized these practices and nailed his 95 Theses to a church door calling for reform. When the pope excommunicated Luther for refusing to recant his writings, Luther broke from the Catholic Church and helped establish Lutheranism. Luther's ideas spread widely through his translations of the Bible and writings aided by the printing press, leading to the formation of new Protestant denominations across Europe and religious wars between Catholics and Protestants.

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    of 19

    Martin Luther: The Protestant Reformation

    This PowerPoint presentation accompanies Closeup Teaching Unit The Protestant Reformation 1300 1570 CE
    1

    Martin Luther

    Who was Martin Luther?


    Born in Germany in 1483. After surviving a violent storm, he vowed to become a monk. Lived in the city of Wittenberg. Died in 1546.

    Definitions
    Protest
    To express strong objection

    Reform
    To improve by correcting errors

    Problems in the Church

    Corruption Political Conflicts

    Corruption
    The Church raised money through practices like simony and selling indulgences.

    Advantages of Buying Indulgences Go Directly to Heaven!


    Do not go to Hell! Do not go to Purgatory! Get through Purgatory faster! Do not pass Go!

    Political Conflict
    KINGS AND QUEENS POPES

    Papal Schism

    Rome

    Avignon

    In 1301, the king tried to tax the French clergy. The pope threatened to excommunicate the king and so was arrested. He was later released. The next pope, Clement V, moved the headquarters of the Church from Rome to Avignon in southern France. Many people felt that the French kings controlled the Church.

    Three Popes!
    The next six popes lived in Avignon. Pope Gregory then moved the papacy back to Rome in 1377. When Gregory died, the French cardinals did not like the new pope in Rome, so they elected a different pope in Avignon. Later, a Church council elected a third pope.

    Calls for Reform


    John Wycliffe (1330-1384) Questioned the authority of the pope

    Jan Hus (1370-1415) Criticized the vast wealth of the Church

    Desiderius Erasmus (1469-1536) Attacked corruption in the Church

    Luther Looks for Reforms


    Luther criticized Church practices, like selling indulgences. He wanted to begin a discussion within the Church about the true path to salvation. He nailed his NinetyFive Theses, or arguments, to the door of Wittenberg cathedral for all to see.

    Protestant Teaching: Justification by Faith Alone


    The Bible is the only source of truth. People can read and understand the Bible themselves. Luthers Bible Salvation comes only through faith in Christ.

    Excommunication

    Pope Leo X demanded that Luther recant 41 of his Ninety-Five Theses. Luther was brought before the Diet of Worms. In January 1521, Luther was excommunicated from the Church.

    The Printing Press


    Luthers ideas spread quickly with the help of the printing press. Luthers supporters distributed copies of his speeches and essays far and wide. Millions of people sided with Luther against the Roman Catholic Church.

    A New Church
    Luther soon had many followers. His supporters began to organize a new Christian denomination. Several German princes supported Luther. Lutherans and Catholics fought each other. The first wars ended with the Treaty of Augsburg, but fighting in Europe over religion continued to the midseventeenth century.

    Saint Bartholomews Day massacre

    Lutheranism
    Luthers followers disagreed with many of the teachings of the Catholic Church. They rejected the authority of Church councils and the pope.

    Reading the Bible was the only way to learn how to lead a good life.

    Luther translated the Bible into German

    The Reformation spread to other countries.


    France and Switzerland: John Calvin preached the idea of predestination and that some people had been chosen by God for salvation. England: King Henry VIII refused to recognize the Roman Catholic Church and started a new church, the Church of England.

    The End

    19

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