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S5 Carbon Nanotubes
S5 Carbon Nanotubes
com/node /2435
Carbon Nanotubes
Team S5 Laura Young Trevor Seidel Pradip Rijal Jason Savatsky
http://onorbit.com/node/825
http://www-ibmc.u-strasbg.fr/ict/images/CNT_Peptide.jpg
Properties
132,000,000:1 Length-ToDiameter Ratio Diameter of 3 to 9 nm Lengths in the millimeter range Efficient electrical conductors Can act as both thermal conductors and thermal insulators
http://brent.kearneys.ca/wpcontent/uploads/2006/05/carbon_nanotube.jpg
Strength
SWNT compared to some common materials
Young Tensile s Streng Modulu th* s* Steel Kevlar Rubber 5 10 10,000 30 3 700
Glass
750
220
0.5
Reactivity
Flourination Diazonium salt addition Possible catalyst
http://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/thumb/a/ac/Diazonium.svg/180pxDiazonium.svg.png
Toxicity
Research is still in the early stages In rodents, carbon nanotubes have been found to cause several lung issues The needle-like shape of the fibers is similar to that of asbestos
http://www.phy.mtu.edu/newsletter/research/FatNanotubes.jpg
Armchair
Zig-Zag
Multiple rolled layers of graphene sheets More resistant to chemical changes than SWNTs
http://www.siemens.com/innovation/en/about_fande/corp_techn ology/partnerships_experts/uc_berkeley.htm
Arc Discharge Laser Ablation Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Ball Milling
http://students.chem.tue.nl/ifp03/synth esis.html
Arc Discharge
A direct current creates a high temperature discharge between two electrodes Atmosphere is composed of inert gas at a low pressure Originally used to make C60 fullerenes Cobalt is a popular catalyst Typical yield is 30-90%
http://lnnme.epfl.ch/page80437.html
Arc Discharge
Advantages
Laser Ablation
Discovered in 1995 at Rice University Vaporizes graphite at 1200 C Helium or argon gas A hot vapor plume forms and expands and cools rapidly Carbon molecules condense to form large clusters Similar to arc discharge Yield of up to 70%
http://students.chem.tue.nl/ifp03/synthe sis.html
Continuous
Much lower light intensity (12 kW/cm2)
http://www.goalfinder.com/product.asp? productid=112
http://students.chem.tue.nl/ifp03/synthe sis.html
Laser Ablation
Advantages
Simple to perform
Ball Milling
Powder graphite is placed in a stainless steel container Argon gas is used Process occurs at room temperature Powder is then annealed
http://www.rsphysse.anu.edu.au/nanotube/
Applications
Electrical
Field emission in vacuum electronics Application in electrodes, capacitors Lithium batteries Hydrogen storage sensors AFM tips DNA sequencing
Energy storage
Biological
Nanotubes have intrinsic characteristics desired in material used as electrodes in batteries and capacitors
They also have a number of properties including high surface area and thermal conductivity that make them useful as electrode catalyst supports in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells
Paper battery
Could easily be mistaken for a sheet of black paper Functions as both a lithiumion battery and a supercapacitor Lightweight, thin, flexible Can function at a wide range of temperatures
Nanotube speakers
Thin carbon nanotube films can act as speakers New generation of cheap, flat speakers Transparent, flexible, stretchable, and magnet free
Artificial muscles
Aerogels made from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can serve as electrically powered artificial muscles Sheet becomes 220% wider and thicker when voltage is applied Flexes about 3 orders of magnitude faster and generates more than 30 times the force than human muscles of the same size
Nanotube thermocell
uses multiwalled carbon nanotubes as electrodes 3 times efficient than conventional Converts waste heat from industrial plants, pipelines into electricity
Nanotube Catalysts
Carbon nanotubes doped with Nitrogen Reduce oxygen more effectively than platinum catalysts Not susceptible to carbon monoxide poisoning, known to deactive platinum catalysts
In Conclusion
There are many unique properties Further investigation of toxicity is needed There are many ways to synthesize Method of synthesis depends on financial needs and amount of product desired There are many exciting applications of carbon nanotubes
Questions?
References
www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppt www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppt http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=4154.php http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=980#_Energy_Storage http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6THY-493PC9C1&_user=952835&_coverDate=12/30/2003&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=sear ch&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1231942804&_rerunOrigin =google&_acct=C000049198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=952835& md5=03c5f21cb002be312d9fc81685b8914b http://www.icdd.com/resources/axa/vol47/v47_33.pdf http://lnnme.epfl.ch/page80437.html http://students.chem.tue.nl/ifp03/synthesis.html http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1561
http://nanopatentsandinnovations.blogspot.com/2009/12/arkema-combines-ball-milli
S5 presentation 1 rebuttal
S5 agrees with the criticism made for the most part. Our approach was to briefly touch various properties of nanotubes such as reactivity and talk in detail about the application of nanotubes, so some of the slides may have little reference to the topic. We as a group feel that we should not have used filler words. Few slides in the second of the presentation were prepared by Pradip but he was unable to present the materials so we decided put few more words in those slides to help the speaker present slides prepared by him. Jason could have put more effort into his slides and rehearsed his part. The group should have taken more time to explain some of the charts and graphs. We did include the sources of graphics in the Literature Cited section but forgot to cite each graphic towards the end of the presentation.
Positive Notes
The first half of the presentation used slides that were easy to read and follow. Showing the summary charts of the positive and negative processes for creating carbon nanotubes was helpful as a quick comparison guide.
Grade
Slides (19/20)
Well designed, but very basic in appearance.
Graphics (19/20)
Use of 3-D animation was great Made presentation more enjoyable But replace a few pictures with diagrams
Overall (94/100)
Positives
The first two speakers spoke clearly and eloquently. The slides had both pictures and words, with graphics providing good insight into the intricacies of the process. The group was well prepared and answered questions well.
Negatives
The third speaker read his material directly off of the slide the vast majority of the time. Also, almost every sentence contained an Um The second speaker spoke quickly and moved swiftly through the slides, she could have elaborated more and allowed more time for the material to sink in.
Positives
The introduction to the topic was simple and easy to understand, while providing enough background to follow the presentation. The slides appeared well-made and did not present too much information at any one time. The first two speakers did a good job speaking on their respective topics and were easy to follow.
S4 Review of S5 Presentation
projection.
Things to Improve On
Graphics in the first half of presentation had
citations, but toward the end of presentation there were absolutely no citations for the graphics used.
What article were you critiquing? Some slides were too wordy, but overall most of the
Things To improve On
Jason- Your part of the presentation contained the
most interesting topics, but you were so nervous that it was hard to follow along..Relax! Have confidence in what you are going to say and look up.
Laura- use a transition or at least a statement to
introduce new slides; you just read the title of the slide and proceeded to talk about the body of the slide.
Review
Good color scheme for a professional presentation; however, formatting on each slide was not consistent (text sizing and bullet use). The presentation went into impressive detail on the synthesis of nanotubes. There is too much text on the application slides. Most of the group spoke very well. We would recommend that the last speaker work on his public speaking. Public speaking is not learned over night, and is an important skill to possess. Overall, it was a very interesting in the presentation.
Critique of Information
During the presentation, we would have liked to have the information on the strength of nanotubes (slide 5) explained more thoroughly. The slide was changed before we realized the numbers given were ratios. There should have been a slide concluding all of the types of synthesizing nanotubes. Comparing and contrasting the multiple methods would have helped tie the information together. When presented with the multiple applications that carbon nanotubes have, it was hard to determine which ones were practical, and in what timeframe we would expect to see them in use. The slide on reactivity did not add anything to the presentation and was not tied in to the overall presentation.
Critique (continued)
Our main concerns are that:
There was not any real connections between each of the synthesis methods (compare and contrast). No timetable or discussion on the practicality of nanotube application. Information was not always tied into the topic. Extraneous information was given.
It is clear that this group extensively researched their topic, and concise organization of the material would have served to emphasize this aspect to a greater extent.