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Asif Shuja Khan - PAK EPA
Asif Shuja Khan - PAK EPA
Asif Shuja Khan - PAK EPA
Air Quality
AIR
Nitrogen (78.084%)+ Oxygen (20.946%)+ Carbon Dioxide (0.033%)
PM10 N2O CO NO NO2 PM10 PM2.5 HC O3 N2O SPM SO2 PM10
HC
PM2.5 SPM
Domestic Burning
Transboundary Pollution Stone Crushers
Bio-mass Burning
Industry
PM10
1030 1200
834
520
895 709
870
1000
800
600
230 400
200
0
Safe Limit
WHO Guidelines: 120 g/m3 Japanese Standards: 200 g/m3
Source: EPD/SUPARCO/NWFP EPA/PAK-EPA
120
100 80 60 40 20 0 Islamabad Lahore Karachi Peshawer Quetta
July 2009
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
August 2009
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
September 2009
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
October 2009
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
November 2009
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
December 2009
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
250
200 150 100 50 0 1 140.00 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 1 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
January 2010
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
February 2010
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
March 2010
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
180 160
140
120 100 80 60 40 20 0
April 2010
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
80 70 60 50
May 2010
40
30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Lahore
Air Quality Index (AQI)
Good 0 - 25 Moderate 26 - 50 Unhealthy 51 - 100 Severe 101 - 200 Hazardous 201 - 300
20-10-2009
204.5
PM 2.5 186.1
Islamabad
Air Quality Index (AQI)
Good 0 - 25 Moderate 26 - 50 Unhealthy 51 - 100 Severe 101 - 200 Hazardous 201 - 300
70.4
PM 2.5 55.1
Particulate Matter
Bad > 35
Karachi
Air Quality Index (AQI)
Good 0 - 25 Moderate 26 - 50 Unhealthy 51 - 100 Severe 101 - 200 Hazardous 201 - 300
20-10-2009
133.6
PM2.5 95.2
Bad > 35
PM2.5: 17 g/m3
Health Impacts
Pre-mature deaths:
Respiratory diseases:
21,791 people/year
706,808,732 cases/year
(4.2 episodes/person/year)
Chronic bronchitis:
7,825 cases
81,541,893
4,924,148
Respiratory symptoms
Total
Vehicles on Road
14
1980
0.682
12
10
8
6
4 2
0
(Projected)
Establishment of Air Quality Monitoring system Improved Quality of Conventional Fuels Modern vehicle technology through adoption of Euro standards Alternate Clean Fuels LPG, CNG, dual fuel Enforcement of NEQS Vehicle Emission testing Program
Roadside inspection Fixed Stations
Phasing out 2 stroke vehicles by 2014 Replacement of diesel buses with CNG Urban plantation Stopping Garbage burning
Smoke
40% or 2 on the Ringlemann Scale during engine acceleration mode. Emission Standards : New Vehicles. Used Vehicles. 6%
To be compared with Ringlemann Chart at a distance of 6 meters or more. Under idling conditions: Non-dispersive infrared detection through gas analyzer.
Carbon Monoxide.
4.5 %
3
Noise.
85 db (A).
Euro 1
Euro 5
Euro 3
Malaysia Nepal Philippine s PRC Singapore Sri Lanka Taipei,Chi na Thailand Viet Nam Viet Nam
d
Euro 1
Euro 2 Euro 1
Euro 1
Eur o3
Euro 4
10 PPM is in the late stages of Adoption by the European Union Heavy Duty Diesel Engines Only
Euro II
Euro II
LIGHT TEST
WEEL TEST
SLIP TEST
L ANE 1
Computer Test Report
L ANE 2
Computer Test Report
L ANE 3
Computer Test Report
L ANE 4