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CH 1 Introduction To OB
CH 1 Introduction To OB
What is an Organization?
An organization is a collection of people who work together to achieve individual and organizational goals.
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become effective employees, team leaders/members, or managers Competency = an interrelated set of abilities, behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge needed by an individual to be effective in most professional and managerial positions
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behavior in the workplace, the interaction between people and the organization with the intent to understand and predict human behavior.
What is OB?
The study of human behavior in the workplace The investigation of the impact that individuals,
groups and structure have on behaviour within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizations effectiveness OB theories have widespread applications among other things, knowing these theories can help you to:
Promote the well-being of employees Evaluate solutions proposed by consultants and managers Predict what will happen in your organization Influence the direction of your organization
Organizational Behaviour
. . . a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behaviour within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizations effectiveness.
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To learn about yourself and how to deal with others You are part of an organization now, and will continue to be a part of various organizations Organizations are increasingly expecting individuals to be able to work in teams, at least some of the time Some of you may want to be managers or entrepreneurs
WHY OB
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Responding to Globalization
Increased foreign assignments Working with people from different cultures Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with cost labor
Embracing diversity Changing demographics Implications for managers
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Diversity
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Absenteeism Turnover
Competition From the Global Environment Managing and Working in a Global Village
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Productivity
Productivity
Effectiveness
Efficiency
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Effective Employees
Absenteeism
Turnover
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Elements of OB
Elements of OB
Note: Company philosophy can be the principles or foundations Around Which company works
Contd..
Individual differences Social systems Whole person
OB
Caused behaviour
Mutuality of interests
Holistic approach
Individual Differences: There are differences between people. Be it in intelligence, physique, personality or any other trait, they are different. This concept comes from psychology 2. A whole person: When an individual is appointed, his\her skill alone is not hired, his\her social background, likes, dislikes are also hired. A persons family life can not be separated with work life. 3. Caused behaviour: Behaviour of an employee is caused, not random. Behind every behaviour, there will be a cause, reason. Management should find that cause if it wants to manage the behaviour
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4. Human dignity: People have to be treated differently from other factors of production. People should be treated with respect and dignity. It rejects the old idea of using people as economic tools. 5. Organizations as social systems: Organizational activities are governed by social status, rules & regulations & psychological needs. It implies that environment is dynamic. All parts are interdependent and subject to influence by any other part.
6. Mutuality of interest: It represents the statement organizations need people & people also need organizations. Organizations utilize people to achieve their goals. People see organizations to satisfy their needs or desires. 7. Holistic organizational behaviour: When first 6 concepts are placed together holistic concept emerges. Interprets that people organization relationship expressed in terms of whole people, whole group, whole organization, & whole social system. 8. Need for management: Knowledge derived from OB study will be utilized in improving organizational effectiveness. And management uses this knowledge. While studying OB, management needs should be considered.
ORIGINS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Psychology. Psychological theories have helped us explain and predict individual behavior. Many of the theories dealing with personality, attitude, learning, motivation, and stress have been applied in Organizational Behavior to understand work-related phenomena such as job satisfaction, commitment, absenteeism, turnover, and worker well-being.
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Contributing Disciplines to OB
Sociology
Sociologists, studying the structure and function of small groups within a society have contributed greatly to a more complete understanding of behavior within organizations. Taking their cue from Sociologists, scholars in the field of Organizational Behavior have studied the effects of the structure and function of work organization on the behavior of groups, as well as the individuals within those groups. Many of the concepts and theories about groups and the processes of communication, decision making, conflict, and politics used in Organizational Behavior, are rooted in the field of Social Psychology.
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E X H I B I T 13 (contd)
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E X H I B I T 13 (contd)
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The field of Political Science has helped us understand how differences in preferences and interests lead to conflict and power struggles between groups within organizations.
Political Science
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Organizational Behavior draws on the field of Anthropology for lessons about how cultures ( corporate culture) and belief systems develop.
Anthropology
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E X H I B I T 13 (contd)
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OB Model
Individual Behaviour
Group dynamics
Group Behaviour
Organizational Effectiveness
Organizational Culture Human resource Policies & Practices Work Stress Organization Change & Development
Organization
Group Level
Working With Others Workforce Diversity
Workplace
Individual Level
Job Satisfaction Empowerment Behaving Ethically
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Managerial Roles
Manager: Any person who supervises one or more subordinates. Role: A set of behaviors or tasks a person is expected to perform because of the position he or she holds in a group or organization. Managerial roles identified by Mintzberg (see Table 1.1):
Figurehead Liaison Disseminator Entrepreneur Resource allocator Leader Monitor Spokesperson Disturbance handler Negotiator
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Managerial Skills
Conceptual Skills: The
ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and distinguish between cause and effect. Human Skills: The ability to understand, work with, lead, and control the behavior of other people and groups. Technical Skills: Jobspecific knowledge and techniques.
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