SYNOPSIS

Title:Study of the effect of Soil Texture, Soil Moisture, Surface Roughness, Bulk Density and Organic Matter Content on the Complex Permittivity of Soils. Presented By:Amrita Palod Asst. Professor MewarUniversity,Chittorgarh

GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
Bhilwara District & Neighboring Area of Rajasthan.

IMPORTANCE OF PROPOSED INVESTIGATION

Dielectric Constant Depends on : Frequency Water Saturation Porosity Texture Component Geometry Electro-Chemical Interaction

IMPORTANCE OF PROPOSED INVESTIGATION

we can calculate from Dielectric Constant: Emissivity & Back-Scattering Coefficient of the Soil at given frequency.

IMPORTANCE OF PROPOSED INVESTIGATION

Dielectric Constant is : The response of the soil to an electromagnetic wave. Critical GPR parameter because it controls the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves through a material.

The reflection coefficients at interfaces.

Affect the vertical and horizontal imaging resolution.

IMPORTANCE OF PROPOSED INVESTIGATION

Dielectric Constant helps : In planning GPR surveys. In Interpreting GPR images. In Interpretation of data obtained by various sensors for Microwave remote sensing applications Agriculture Hydrology Meteorology

IMPORTANCE OF PROPOSED INVESTIGATION

This study of variation of Complex Dielectric Permittivity with varied parameters such as Moisture content, Soil type, Frequency, Temperature, Salinity, Organic matter content, Geological and mineralogical factors, Porosity, bulk density and Chemical composition of samples will be very useful for understanding of microwave Attenuation constant, Reflection coefficient, and Emissivity in the area and will prove to be fruitful in signature studies. These studies are very important from the point of view of purely scientific purposes on one hand as well as in the field of resource management in this region of Bhilwara ,Rajasthan state on the other.

WORK DONE SO FAR

In 1954 Von Hippel reported a series of measurements on soil at various water content up to frequencies of 1010 Hz. He observed a substantial decrease in real dielectric permittivity and a increase in tan (=/ ).

From1971 to1976 Hoekstra,Delaney,Poe,Edgerton,Davis had been reported very few measurements on soils at frequencies above 108 Hz. But these measurement were performed at selected fixed frequencies ,so it was difficult to derive a frequency dependence.
Wang et al (1978), studied the effect of Soil moisture, Soil type, Soil bulk-density and Surface roughness on Complex Dielectric Permittivity. Continued . . . .

WORK DONE SO FAR

They observed that dielectric constant increases only slowly with moisture content up to a transition point. Beyond the transition it increases rapidly with moisture content. The moisture value of transition region was found to be higher for high clay content soils than for sandy soils.
Wang et al (1983), Observed that the effect of roughness of surface is found to increase Brightness Temperature (TB) and to reduce the slope of the regression between TB and volumetric water content. Continued . . . .

WORK DONE SO FAR

Rao et al (1990), expressed the soil moisture in terms of gravimetric and volumetric units and percentage of field capacity and plotted individually against the microwave reflectivity of soils to eliminate the texture effect. Pancholi et al (1994), measured the Complex dielectric permittivity of some samples of soils of Rajasthan state at 7.114 GHz under different controlled conditions. Soil texture was found to affect the permittivity strongly for wet soils and also the transition moisture values. Calla et al (2000), calculated Emissivity from dielectric constant of dry soil, wet soil and typical loamy soils (at different moisture levels) using emissivity model for microwave frequencies ranging from 2 to 20 GHz. Continued . . . .

WORK DONE SO FAR

Calla et al (2004), concluded that the Scattering coefficient decreases as the salinity increases. Also Scattering coefficient increases with the increase in the moisture content. Chaudhary et al (2008) studied moisture laden soils at X- band microwave frequency and the dielectric properties of material are function of its chemical constituents and physical properties. V V Navar Khele, A AShaikh & R S Ramshetti et al (2009) studied the Dielectric properties of black soil with addition of organic (vermin compost) and inorganic (calcium carbonate) matter. Continued . . . .

WORK DONE SO FAR

Vasudeo et al (2009) presented a method to determine ground penetrating radar GPR velocities, which utilize dielectric properties of geological material.

Objectives
To study the variations of Complex Dielectric Permittivity with varying parameter such as soil texture, soil moisture, physical conditions of the samples, frequency, temperature, organic matter contents, vegetation biomass, salinity etc. To compare the results of these studies with other available results on similar samples as well as comparison with models. To calculate the parameters such as Reflectivity, Emissivity, Brightness Temperature, Attenuation constant and Penetration depth of microwave using these dielectric data and discuss the use and relevance of these parameters in remote sensing. To study the effect of Surface Roughness on Microwave back scattering of soils.

Research Methodology
Waveguide Techniques: 1. Two Point Method :- This method is based on the technique originally described by Roberts and Von-Hippel, (1946). 2. Infinite Sample Method: - This method is based on the technique originally described by Altschuler, (1963). 3. Modified Infinite Sample Method:- This method was originally developed by Rzepecka et al. (1973).

Importance of these techniques

CHAPTER DETAILS
Chapter 1: Introduction Importance of the proposed work Previous work in this field Outline of the proposed work Chapter 2: Theory of Complex dielectric permittivity Review of the experimental techniques Measurement techniques employed in this study Chapter 3: Theoretical and empirical models for the permittivity of the materials.

CHAPTER DETAILS
Chapter 4: Complex Dielectric Permittivity of soils as a function of soil texture, soil moisture, frequency and temperature. Chapter 5: Complex Dielectric Permittivity of soils as a function of Salinity, Organic matter content, Surface Roughness, Vegetation Biomass, Porosity, Bulk density, Chemical composition etc. Chapter 6: Experimental results and their comparison with models, results available in literature on similar samples and analysis.

CHAPTER DETAILS
Chapter 7: Reflection coefficient, Emissivity, Brightness temperature, Attenuation constant and Penetration depth of materials at microwaves
Chapter 8: Summary, Conclusion and suggestions for further studies

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Hoekstra P and Delaney A, Journal Of Geophysics. Res., 79, 11,1699-1708 (1974). 2. Wang J R, Schmugge T J, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, (1978). 3. Wang J R, Remote Sensing and Environment, 13, 329-344 (1983). 4. Rao P V N, Raju C S, Rao K S, Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, 28,1, 148-151 (1990).

BIBLIOGRAPHY
5. Pancholi K C and Kameshara S M, Ind. J. Radio and space Phy. 23, 201-204 (1994). 6. Calla O P N & Dekta B, Ind. J. Radio & Space Phys., 29, 140 145 (2000). 7. Chaudhari H.C. & Shinde V.J., International J. of physical Sciences 3,3, 75-78, (2008). 8. V V Navar Khele, A AShaikh & R S Ramshetti, Indian Journal of Radio & Space Physics. Vol.38,April 2009, pp.112-115. 9. Vasudeo A.D., Katpal Y.B. and ingle R.N. World applied Sciences J., 6,10,1321-1325 (2009).

BIBLIOGRAPHY