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Miceo Financing Poverty Alleviation
Miceo Financing Poverty Alleviation
Ausaf Ahmad
Presentation at
AN IRONY
It is estimated that it would require US $21 billions to provide micro finance to worlds poorest 100 million families. Ironically, only if worlds seven richest family got together, they could wipe out global poverty from their combined wealth.
Alas, the world does not go by Charity alone.
A world of Contradictions
Appalling oceans of poverty along with the islands of prosperity. Two billion people do not have access to clean and safe drinking water. Two billion people do not have access to electricity and drainage facilities.
Two billion people do not have access to electricity and drainage system Two billion people do not have access to clean drinking water
A SHORT HISTORY
1864 Wilhelm Raiffeisens German Village Experiment, Rural financing. 1900 Alphonse Desjardin, Quebec experiment. 1963 Mitghamr project 1970s Grameen Bank, Bangladesh International Institutions, NGOs, Multinational Banks.
What is an NGO?
A non governmental organization (NGO) is a legally constituted organization created by private persons or organizations with no participation or representation of any government. In the cases, in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments, NGOs maintain their non governmental status so far it excludes government representatives.
http:/Wikipedia.org/wiki/NGO
GRAMEEN BANK
Owned by the poor borrowers Esablished in 1976 in Jobra, Bangladesh Incorporated in 1983 by Special law No collateral, No Legal instruments, Only group or joint Liability. Responsibility of repayment with the individual borrower. 97% women borrowers.
GRAMEEN BANK
23000 branches, works in 75,000 villages, Total staff over 21,000 Total loans disbursement TK 310 billion. Repaid TK 277 billion, 33 billion outstanding. Recovery Rate 98.5 per cent. 100 percent loans financed from own deposits. Group of Five. All are denied credit if one defaults.
GRAMEEN BANK
Interest Rates: Fixed for Micro credit programs 11% Income generating loans 20% Housing loans 8% Student loans 5% Struggling Members Zero % Deposit rates 8.5 12%
GRAMEEN BANK
Housing loans, Micro enterprises loans, scholarships, Higher education loans, 17 companies in Grameen Network e.g. Grameen Phone, Telecom, communication, Cybernet, Software, IT Park, Information Highways, Udog, Knitwear, Textiles, Shiksha, Bayopar Vikas, Grameen Trust etc.
CRITIQUE OF GRAMEEN MODEL Usurious : high interest rates Exploitative Benefits large corporation
Negative Mental block against Islamic banking is a big barrier against it in the Muslim Minority countries.
SPIRIT OF COOPERATION
Democratic Participation One person One vote Open membership Cooperative Education Cooperate with other organizations.
REMEDIES
Require Legal Framework Professionalism Transparency Accountability Productivity and Efficiency. Needs to be organized