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CMC - 01 08 2012 Final
CMC - 01 08 2012 Final
Fundamentals:
How changes in boilers firing rate or turbine control valve position affects the throughput of the power plant.
Fundamentals:
If a step change is given in the turbine valve, this results in the transient change in load and steady state change in pressure. Whereas step change in the firing rate of boiler, results into a permanent steady state change in both load and pressure
It means that.. Permanent change in MW output can be obtained only by changing the boiler firing rate whereas change in turbine valve position will result in only momentary change in MW but permanent change in throttle pressure.
If parallel step change in both turbine control valve and boiler firing rate results in overshoots/undershoots in throttle pressure and MW curves.
The load reflects the initial change by the opening of the turbine valve but immediately starts to decay as the pressure decays until the effect of increased fuel and air is felt within the boiler. But in such case, if turbine valve lift is delayed by an amount equal to process delay in generation of steam pressure in the boiler (delay caused by coal feeders, pulverisers and Boiler Inertia), this will result into a constant throttle pressure without any decay. And there will not be any overshoots/undershoots in MW or throttle pressure curves.
CMC in action
Conclusion
Turbines control valves are fast responding components and Boiler is having transport lag and Thermal inertia and hence delayed respond with variation in command. Turbine will be able to meet MW demand or main steam pressure set point quickly by positioning its control valves. But Turbine will be able to maintain only one unit parameter MW or main steam pressure. The other has to be controlled by the Boiler.
CMC
The above philosophy has been utilized in the development of the CMC. CMC basically tries to ensure proper coordination between the slow Boiler and fast acting turbine control valves. It ensures that there isnt mismatch between boiler steam generation and electric load generated by turbinegenerator for long durations. Depending upon how CMC forms coordination between boiler and turbine, there are following four modes of operation:1. Boiler Follow Mode 2. Turbine Follow Mode 3. Co-ordinated Mode 4. Runback
CMC: Definitions
1) CMC: Basically to control internal parameters of
unit like (1) M S Pressure, (2) Load. Also to coordinate sensitive turbine and slow response of boiler auxiliaries, Good for grid and Unit stability. Both Boiler and Turbine controls are ON Auto. Boiler follows turbine. Turbine on Load controller & Boiler is ON Auto, controls pressure with BLI as feed forward. MW demands are met by Turbine and less importance to unit stability. Turbine follows Boiler. Boiler Master on manual control. Pressure control. Turbine maintains pressure by varying MSCV ,Unit load depends on steam output from boiler Best for unit stability
3) TFM:
2) BFM:
04)
RUNBACK mode:
Boiler Master
FEED FORWARD SIGNAL GNI OUTPUT - CMC BLI - B.F.M PRTD - T.F.M GET BYPASSED - in R/B
06) G N I :
Control tracking generator or set point control module. Generates increase/decrease rate.
Target to GNI:
TFM
R/B
: Actual Load.
: Unit capability
Capability to produce MW at that instant, UC signal depends on the number of auxiliaries in service and their contribution is expressed as MW signal, which is the max. they can support.
08) FGMO:
Free Governing mode of operation Introduces critical external parameter i.e. grid frequency to our control system. To ensure stability of grid it is necessary to have frequency regulation in CMC/EHC. But frequency is network parameter, which can not be controlled by few units in the network. Total disturbance in network will be passed on to the units having regulation by the many units do not have regulation.
Boiler follow mode gives more stability to the grid as MW demand are met by turbine quickly and lesser importance to unit stability, because the action by Turbine will be disturbing main stream pressure. Advantage of boiler follow mode: It provides maximum stability to network the storage capacity of the boiler is meaningfully used & the resulting changes are corrected by the fuel flow.
+
B
PR.
PID
FUEL FIRING DEVICE
PI
G MW F F U
MW SET PT.
4. Make throttle pr. Set point and actual pr. Difference zero.
5. Put BM on auto. If unit in turbine follow or coordinated mode change over to boiler follow occurs under following condition :turbine goes to manual because of any reason or operator action Pr CMC - Pr Lim > 60MW
1. Boiler manually controlled 2. Turbine master On Auto -controls throttle steam Pre. (With steam flow as feed forward) by varying load. In T.F.M Pr. Controller comes into picture and the throttle Steam Pressure varies the opening of MSCV to maintain the set throttle steam Pre. TFM gives maximum stability to unit operations with slow response to grid requirements by initiating combustion controls first and turbine valves positioning after steam production.
+
PI
MW SET PT.
G N
+
PI
CMC
CMC controls the Unit, treating boiler and turbine as a unit. Its aim is to generate desired MW O/P through coordinate regulation of boiler I/P & O/P (turbine I/P). Turbine must not increase load without taking firing /boiler inertia in consideration. CMC coordinates sensitive turbine & slow response boiler & Auxiliaries. IN CMC Boiler master is on Auto Turbine is on Auto Unit master - Receiving load demand from ALDC or Manually from desk. CMC sets the MW set point which will be pursued by boiler master by taking throttle pressure error as final trimming input signal.
CMC
contd..
CMC
contd..
In CMC, turbine maintains the load and boiler maintains the throttle pressure. On change in unit load demand / MW set point or Steam Pressure set point, first boiler firing changed for building up the desired energy level in the form of steam pressure and then signal is forwarded to the turbine for change of desired load. For coordinated mode both boiler and turbine should be in auto. This mode of operation provides facilities of Frequency influence, Runback, increase block, decrease block, run up and run down.
Runback Mode:
On tripping of any of the unit auxiliaries, the unit capability of generating full load is reduced and unit stability is threatened. In order to enhance the stability of unit on tripping of the auxiliaries, Run Back Action is initiated to maintain the critical parameters within safe limits, until the tripped equipment or its standby is brought back into operation. In Runback condition boiler load setpoint is reduced to Unit capability and hence unit load. And turbine is forced to initial pressure control mode (turbine will try to maintain steam pressure exactly at its setpoint).
15MW 2 Kg - DP 15MW 1 Kg 1 Kg 2 Kg + DP
GNI P
+ --
Adder
M I N
1.5 %
Pre. Correction
M A X
+ +Adder
Delay
Frequency connected GNI O/P Th.Pre. Set.Pre
MW
10 MW
3012 2992
Fuel
28.6% 85.7% B
TOTAL OIL FLOW
Y1
Y2
Y2 Y1
+
XP01 P
+
MIN
FUEL MASTER
+ -
X001
XM03
XP01
PT3 A B 3X1.01
X001
+
MW GENERATED
B/M O/P
AIR
CV Correction loop manipulates the coal flow measurement signal by increasing or decreasing it, to show less coal is going when coal quality is bad and more when coal is good the effect is limited to 85% to 100% of actual coal flow
CV CORRECTION LOOP
J
O2 Correction A section station and a setter for oxygen set point are provided to achieve the desired excess air. If variable O2 set point (SP) is selected, set point is generated by a function generator which is a function of max ( air flow SP and total air flow). In other mode SP is set from UCB. O2 in flue gas is compared with this SP and error is fed to PI controller, output of which is limited between 0.8 and 1.2% of total air flow. O2 Correction loop manipulates the total airflow measurement by increasing or decreasing O2 master to show less air/more air is flowing. This influence is limited to 30% of the total air flow
SELECTION OF CMC 1. Put air control on auto (at least one FD fan) 2. Put feeders speed control on auto after varying fuel master(FM) output and making feeder speed controller error zero. 3. Vary Blr. Master O/P so that FM error becomes zero. Then put FM on auto. 4. Make throttle pr. Set point and actual pr. Difference zero. 5. Put BM on auto. 6. Increase /decrease unit master output so that it becomes equal to actual load. (wait unit load set value and load value matches as shown in the CMC panel digital indicator). 7. Form TG desk put turbine control on auto. 8. Press coordinated push button along with manual release on CMC desk.