Preparation of Perfume and Hand Sanitizer

Experiment No. 10

Introduction
Fragrances or perfumes is a blend of two of more materials characterized by having olfactive properties. Fragrances can be used to mask an unpleasant odor of a substance, add a suitable odor for a product, add flavor on our food some may even exhibit antibacterial properties.

Keeping our hands clean is one of the ways to help us avoid sickness. That is why disinfectants like alcohol solutions and hand sanitizers are widely used nowadays.

Objectives
To prepare perfume and hand sanitizer.

To identify the functions of each components in

the given formulations. To understand the chemistry behind scents and fixation of scents.

Raw Materials
Perfumes Essential Oils An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils or aetherolea, or simply as the "oil of" the plant from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove. An oil is "essential" in the sense that it carries a distinctive scent, or essence, of the plant. Essential oils do not form a distinctive category for any medical, pharmacological, or culinary purpose.

Fixatives

Glycerin/ Methyl Paraben Triple Distilled Alcohol

Raw Materials
Hand Sanitizer Carbopol Polymer is a self-wetting, rheology modifier designed to be used as a thickener, suspending agent and stabilizer in cosmetic manufacturing. Its unique structure allows it to rapidly expand when added to liquids and provides moderate-to-high viscosity in skin care products. Carbopol polymer performs effectively across a broad pH range, making it a versatile ingredient for many applications.

Triethanolamine, often abbreviated as TEA, is an organic compound that is both a tertiary amine and a triol. A triol is a molecule with three alcohol groups. Like other amines, triethanolamine is a strong base. Triethanolamine can also be abbreviated as TEOA, which can help to distinguish it from triethylamine.

Glycerin is a neutral, sweet-tasting, colorless, thick liquid which frees to a gummy paste and which has a high boiling point. Glycerin can be dissolved into water or alcohol, but not oils. On the other hand, many things will dissolve into glycerin easier than they do into water or alcohol. So it is a good solvent. Glycerin is also highly hygroscopic which means that it absorbs water from the air.

Methodology

Perfume Formulation
Prepare 23.5mL ethyl alcohol in a container (preferably a beaker). Place 4 drops each of basenote essential oil, middle note, and top note. Allow the mixture to stand for 2 hours. Add 1 tbsp. distilled water to the essential oil-alcohol mixture. Mix well. Add 2-4 drops of glycerin as a fixative. Mix well. 15 - 30% essential oil 70 - 80% pure ethanol 5% distilled water The longer the mix stands, the stronger the fragrance will be.

Pour into a perfume bottle through a coffee filter before the mixture settles.

Hand Sanitizer Formulation

Prepare 40.0mL distilled water in a 250-mL beaker. Dispense 0.50g of carbopol. Mix well until homogeneous.

Add 85.0mL little by little with continuous stirring.

Add 1.0mL of triethanolamine to the homogenized mixture. Stir well.

Immediately add 3 drops of glycerin and 10 drops of scent after the previous step. Mix well.

Transfer the finished product to appropriate containers.

Results and Discussions

Physical Properties of Perfume and Hand Sanitizer Perfume Color/Transparency Odor Translucent Sweet Hand Sanitizer Translucent Smells like ethanol

pH Viscosity

Sensory Evaluation Group Member 1 Stickiness/ Tackiness 2 Greasiness 1 Skin Penetration1 4

2
3 Average

3
2 2.33

2
2 1.67

3
4 3.67

Answers to Guide Questions

1.

Make a flowchart to outline the commercial production of perfumes.

Alcohol Perfume Oil Distiller Water

Mixing

Maturing

Cooling

Packing

Filling

Filtering

(Bayquen,20

2. What is the function of fixative and general classes of fixatives?

Fixatives are substances of lower volatility than perfume oils, which retard and even up the rate of evaporation of the various constituents. a. Animal Fixative b. Resinous Fixative c. Essential Oil Fixatives d. Synthetic Fixatives

3. What are the 3 main sources of scents in perfumes? Give 3 examples of each type. Base Note Base note oils are the slowest to evaporate. Their rich, heavy scents emerge slowly and linger. Examples are:
sandalwood vanilla

moss

 Middle Note

Also known as heart notes. Examples are:

lemongrass nutmeg ylang-ylang

Top Note

Top notes are also known as head notes. This is the part of a perfume that you smell when it is first applied, but the fragrance evaporates quickly. Examples are:
lime neroli orchid

4. Explain the chemistry behind the changes observed during the preparation of hand sanitizer. During the preparation of the hand sanitizer the mixture turns into a gel-like substance. The viscosity of the substance was modified by the use of emulgents. Emulgents dissolve in the mixture forming a colloid and forms a weakly cohesive internal structure.

5. Explain the antiseptic action of ethyl alcohol?

Ethanol works as an antiseptic by coagulating

protein, the primary material that makes up cells.

70% alcohol is more effective antiseptic than

100% alcohol.
Human skin cells are more resistant to alcoholic

coagulation than most microorganisms.

6. What is the function of carbopol, TEA, and glycerine in hand sanitizer preparation? Carbopol exhibits good clarity in gel formulations, along with providing a smooth, aesthetically pleasing gel quality. TEA is used as a buffering agent, masking and fragrance ingredient, and surfactant, in addition to its primary use as a pH adjuster. It is also used with in conjunction with fatty acids to convert acid to salt, which in turn becomes the base for a cleanser Glycerin used as a thickener.

References
Bayquen, C. (2007). Industrial Chemical Processes. Manila: UST Publishing House.