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Malaysia-Wdm Irr Bangkok
Malaysia-Wdm Irr Bangkok
MALAYSIA
CURRENT WATER RESOURCES DEMAND CONDITIONS AND DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES - SITUATION
Malaysia
Population 28.25 mill. (2010) Land area 33 mill. Ha Peninsular Malaysia 13 mil Ha Sabah and Sarawak 20 mil Ha Total cultivated area 6.2 mill. Ha (40% cultivable) 90% cultivated area palm oil, rubber & fruit trees Equatorial climate 2 distinct monsoons 60% annual rain falls in Nov. to Jan. Avg. rainfall 2500 mm/yr Mean relative humidity 78% 87% Annual bright sunshine hours of 1764 2664 hours
Vegetables Pepper
Tobacco Others TOTAL
3
64 9
8 111 6,210
Paddy Areas
Total paddy area ~ Granary area ~ Non-granary area ~ Irrigated area Non-Irrigated area Wet paddy Upland Paddy ~ ~ ~ ~ 475,000 ha 210,000 ha 265,000 ha 120,000 ha 145,000 ha 85,000 ha 60,000 ha
2004 Peninsular Malaysia Granary Areas Sabah Sarawak 1,911 1,531 162 218
Malaysia
2,291
2,314
2,187
2,375
2,353
2,460
CURRENT STATUS OF WATER RESOURCES DEMAND CONDITIONS AND DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES SITUATION
Water Resources in Malaysia 150 major river basins agriculture consume 70% water Avg. annual rainfall 2,500 mm = 990 BCM Groundwater resource estimated safe yield of 64 BCM No physical water scarcity Spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall is not uniform Require more storage and optimization of rainfall
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Other Crops 10
5 0 2010 2020 2030 Year
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Livestock Fisheries
2040
2050
Projected irrigation demands IS PREDICTED TO BE slightly decrease based on improve irrigation efficiencies, improve farming practices, introduction paddy strains with shorter growing periods and other measures
The Future agriculture water demand is based on Agro-Food Policy (2010-2020) formulated MOA to achieve certain Self Sufficiency Level in Agro-Food production
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MADA
IADP P. Pinang
Kerian
LEGEND
GRANARY AREA
Mini Granary Area (74)
..
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ADAPTATIONS MEASURES FOR DEMAND CONDITIONS IN PLANNING IWRM in managing the water sector and the catchment. Effective implementation of IWRM contribute to the realization of the national water vision Revision to water laws and formation department to manage water resources Revision of Irrigation laws Full farmers participation in irrigation management of a
Reviewing irrigation design procedures to meet future demand management in irrigation management
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Proper water management and controlling of losses through application of new technologies for real time monitoring of spills, flow measurements
Automation of regulators using automatic control system and other physical means Design and operation water infrastructures based on service concept: Reliable, flexible on-demand supply Optimization of naturally available water sources: rainfall and uncontrolled surface flow (rivers)
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More effective or more extensive harvesting and storing in the paddy fields
rainwater
Develop seed varieties that are more resistant to water stress, shorter growth duration and produce high yield with less water Good agricultural water management practices to secure land and environment
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Best Management Practice and precision agriculture: Conserve water, energy, labour and environment.
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SCADA system to monitor real time water situation in rivers, reservoirs and irrigation systems
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Strengthening Water User Group (e.g. Farmers participation in decision making processes)
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LESSONS LEARNED
Proper irrigation scheduling can result in significant savings in irrigation time, labour, energy, and water. By carefully managing the amount of water applied, leaching of nutrients and erosion can be reduced. No single agency entrusted with the overall planning and management of water. There is a need for one agency to pursue a more effective water management. Lack of people awareness on WDM issues and the greater lack of trained personnel equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge on WDM
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Lessons Learned
Recycling drainage water for irrigation - Fourth water source for irrigation
In Muda irrigation scheme, all the recycling pumps contribute 17% of the water from reservoir.
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Lessons Learned
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Small size, irregular shape and unlevel paddy fields in most paddy areas To get farmers cooperation to practice efficient water management at tertiary level Provision of government annual budget for O&M of irrigation scheme to support State Government Develop seed variety that are more resistant to water stress and shorter growth duration - use less water
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CONCLUSION
Future water demand scenario in Malaysia requires supply and demand management Demand management is required to reduce the pressure to develop new water source infrastructures to meet future demand Demand management requires investment and innovation in new irrigation infrastructure, management and capacity building Sharing of knowledge and experiences in demand management and demand response in irrigation water management among ASEAN countries will contribute to meet future water demand for irrigation
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