Chapter 14 Augmented Feedback

Two Types of PerformanceRelated Information (Feedback)

Task-intrinsic feedback: sensory-

perceptual feedback Augmented feedback: adding to or enhancing task-intrinsic feedback

Two Types of Augmented Feedback

Knowledge of Results (KR): externally

presented information about the outcome of performing a skill or about achieving the goal of the performance Knowledge of Performance (KP): movement characteristics that led to the performance outcome Examples of augmented feedback are listed in Table 14.1

The Roles of Augmented Feedback in Skill Acquisition

Plays two roles in skill learning

process:
Facilitates achievement of the action goal of the skill Motivates the learner to continue striving toward a goal

Reasons Why Augmented Feedback is Essential for Learning

Some skill situations do not make

critical sensory feedback available to the person There exists the possibility that a person may not have available sensory pathways needed to detect feedback Feedback is provided from the sensory system, however, the person cannot use the feedback

Reasons Why Augmented Feedback May Not be Needed for Skill Acquisition
Some skills provide task intrinsic

feedback A detectable external referent can be observed in motor skills Research has shown that augmented feedback can enhance as well as hinder skill development and learning

Five Issues Related to the Content of Augmented Feedback

1. Information about errors vs. 2. 3. 4.

5.

correct aspects of performance KR vs. KP Qualitative vs. quantitative information Augmented feedback based on error size Erroneous augmented feedback

Types of Knowledge of Performance

Verbal KP Two types
Descriptive KP Prescriptive KP

Videotape as augmented feedback Movement kinematics as augmented

feedback Biofeedback as augmented feedback

Concurrent Augmented Feedback

Augmented feedback provided

while a person is performing a skill Effects of concurrent augmented feedback on learning

Two general types of effects
Negative learning effect Enhances skill learning (positive effect)

Terminal Augmented Feedback

Feedback that is provided after a person

has completed the performance of a skill Two intervals of time associated with terminal augmented feedback
KR delay interval Post KR interval

Both require a minimum length of time Engaging in activity during these

intervals can hinder, benefit, or have no effect upon skill learning

Techniques that Reduce

Augmented Feedback Frequency

Performance based bandwidths Performer selected frequency Summary and averaged augmented

feedback

Chapter 14

Augmented Feedback