Physical Changes

A change in which a substance

undergoes a change in its physical properties is called a PHYSICAL CHANGE. A physical change is generally reversible. In such a change no

new substance is formed.

Chemical changes
O A change in which one or

more new substances are formed is called a Chemical change. O A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction

Examples of chemical changes

Copper sulphate solution (blue) + Iron Iron sulphate solution (green)+ Copper (brown deposit)

EXAMPLE 2

Vinegar (Acetic acid) + Baking soda (Sodium hydrogencarbonate) Carbon dioxide + other substances

Carbon dioxide (CO2) + Lime water[Ca(OH)2] Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) + Water (H2O) When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, calcium carbonate is formed, which makes limewater milky. The turning of limewater into milky is a standard test of carbon dioxide.

The reaction between carbon dioxide and lime water is as follows:

Properties of a chemical change

O Produce new substance/substances.
O Energy maybe absorbed/realeased. O Sound maybe produced. O Colour change may take place. O Gas maybe evolved. O Change in smell may take place. O

One or more of these changes may accompany a CHEMICAL REACTION.

Rusting of Iron.
O It is a chemical change. O Equation:-

Iron (Fe) + Oxygen(O from the air) +water(H2O)Rust (Iron oxide-Fe2O3). O Presence of oxygen and water (water vapour) is essential for rusting.
O

How to Prevent Rusting?

1.

Prevent iron from contact with air and water.

METHODS TO PREVENT RUSTING

Painting 2. Greasing or oiling 3. Galvanisation
1.

Galvanisation
O The process of depositing

a layer of zinc on iron is called Galvanisation.

O The process of getting pure crystals from

Crystallisation

salt solution. O Eg:- Crystals of copper sulphate from copper sulphate solution.

Exercise
O (a) The chemical name of baking soda is

_________. O (b) Two methods by which rusting of iron can be prevented are _________ and _________. O (c) Changes in which only _________ properties of a substance change are called physical changes. O (d) Changes in which new substances are formed are called _________changes.

O Classify the changes involved in the following processes as

physical or chemical changes:

O (a) Photosynthesis

O (b) Dissolving sugar in water

O (c) Burning of coal O (d) Melting of wax

O (e) Beating aluminium to make

aluminium foil O (f) Digestion of food

Assignment
1. Explain why rusting of iron

objects is faster in coastal areas than in deserts. 2. When baking soda is mixed with lemon juice, bubbles are formed with the evolution of a gas. What type of change is it? Explain.