FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION

Anisa Abrego

Rafael Bravo
Consuelo Gaona Stephany Hinojosa Hilda Lopez Jackie Rodriguez

FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)

Female Genital Mutilation is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. Female genital mutilation falls under four types: Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV.

Different Types of Circumcision

Type 1 Clitoridectomy removing part or all of the clitoris.

Type 2 Excision removing part or all of the clitoris and the inner labia (lips that surround the vagina), with or without removal of the labia majora (larger outer lips). Type 3 & 4 Infibulation narrowing of the vaginal opening by creating a seal, formed by cutting and repositioning the labia.

AREAS MOST PRACTICED IN

Medical Effects Cons Pros

There are no proven medical advantages for this procedure.

Immediate Effects

Severe pain Shock Bleeding Wound infections (tetanus, gangrene, HIV, and Hep B and C) Inability to Urinate Death Abnormal periods

Long-term Effects

Kidney impairment
Pain during sex Damage to the reproductive system (infertility, childbearing) Need for surgery to open the lower vagina for intercourse, and childbirth

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
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Trauma
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Compared to rape

o
o

Anxiety
Depression

Key facts Female genital mutilation (FGM) includes procedures that intentionally alter or cause injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The procedure has no health benefits for girls and women. Procedures can cause severe bleeding and problems urinating, and later cysts, infections, infertility as well as complications in childbirth increased risk of newborn deaths. About 140 million girls and women worldwide are currently living with the consequences of FGM. FGM is mostly carried out on young girls sometime between infancy and age 15. In Africa an estimated 101 million girls 10 years old and above have undergone FGM. FGM is a violation of the human rights of girls and women.

The practice is mostly carried out by traditional circumcisers, who often play other central roles in communities, such as attending childbirths. However, more than 18% of all FGM is performed by health care providers, and this trend is increasing.

FEMALE CIRCUMCISION VIDEO

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=502jCYgu3nM