W (Level1) UMTS Radio Interface Physical Layer 20040728 A 1 (1) .0

UMTS Radio Interface Physical Layer
ISSUE 1.0
Wireless Curriculum Development Section
Course Contents
Chapter 1 Physical Layer Overview

Chapter 2 Physical Channels and Channel Mapping
Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure

Chapter 4 Physical Layer Procedure
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.
Security Level: Internal
UTRAN Protocol Structure
Core Network Iu RNS Iur RNC Iub Node B Iub Node B Iub Node B RNC Iub Node B RNS Iu
Air Interface Protocol Structure
Layer 3
Radio Resource Control (RRC)
Control / Measurements
Logical channels Medium (MAC) Access Control Transport channels Physical layer
Layer 2
Layer 1
Data Processing at Physical Layer
Data from MAC LayerTB
Channel coding and multiplexing
Spreading and modulation

Physical Channel
A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency, code (scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.
In CDMA system, the different code (scrambling code or

spreading code) can distinguish the channels.
Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and
each radio frame consists of 15 time slots.
Two types of physical channel:UL and DL
Physical Channel
Frequency,code,phase
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
Spreading Technology
Spreading consists of 2 steps
Channelization operation which transforms data symbols into
chips. Thus increasing the bandwidth of the signal,.The number of

chips per data symbol is called the Spreading FactorSF.The operation is done by multiplying with OVSF code.
Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal .
Data bit
Chips after spreading OVSF code Scrambling code

Channelization Code

OVSF code is used as channelizaiton code The channelization codes are uniquely described as Cch,SF,k, where SF is the spreading factor of the code and k is the code number, 0 k SF-1.
Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1) Cch,2,0 = (1,1) Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1) Cch,1,0 = (1) Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1) Cch,2,1 = (1,-1) Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1) SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4
Scrambling Code

Scrambling code GOLD sequence.

Scrambling code period : 10ms ,or 38400 chips. The code used for scrambling of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH may be of either long or short type, There are 224 long and 224 short uplink scrambling codes. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by higher layers.
For downlink physical channels, a total of 218-1 = 262,143 scrambling codes can be generated. scrambling codes k = 0, 1, , 8191 are used.
Primary Scrambling Code

Primary scrambling code 0
Secondary scrambling code 1
Set 0 Scrambling codes for downlink physical channels Set 1
Set 511
8192 scrambling codes
512 sets
A primary scrambling code and 15 secondary scrambling codes are included in a set.
Primary Scrambling Code Group

Group 0
Primary scrambling codes for downlink physical channels
Groupe1
Primary scrambling code 8*63
Group 63
Primary scrambling code 63*87
512 primary scrambling codes
64 primary scrambling code groups
Each group consists of 8 primary scrambling codes
Course Contents


2.1 Physical Channel Structure and Function
2.2 Channel Mapping
Downlink Physical Channel
Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel

(Downlink DPCH)
Downlink Common Physical Channel

Common Control Physical Channel (CCPCH) Synchronization Packet Channel (SCH) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Paging Indicator Channel (PICH) Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH) Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Downlink Physical Channel
Uplink Physical Channel
Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel (Uplink DPDCH) Uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel (Uplink DPCCH)
Uplink Physical Channel
Uplink Common Physical Channel

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)
Synchronization Channel (SCH)

Used for cell search Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCH.
SSC specifies the scrambling code groups of the cell.
SSC is chosen from a set of 16 different codes of length 256, there are altogether 64 primary scrambling code
Slot #14 acp acsi,14
SCH is transmitted at the first 256 chips of every time slot.
PSC is transmitted repeatedly
in each time slot.

Slot #0 Primary SCH Secondary SCH acp acsi,0 256 chips 2560 chips acp acsi,1 Slot #1
groups.
One 10 ms SCH radio frame

Common Pilot Channel(CPICH)

Common Pilot CHannel (CPICH) Carries pre-defined sequence.
Fixed rate 30KBPS SF=256

The CPICH uses the same channel and scrambling code but different sequences in the case transmit diversity is used on downlink channel
Antenna 1
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Antenna 2
-A -A A A -A -A A A -A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -A slot #14 Frame#i slot #0 Frame#i+1 slot #1
Frame Boundary
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Primary CPICH

Uses the same channel code--Cch, 256,0 Scrambled by the primary scrambling code Only one CPICH per cell Broadcast over the entire cell The P-CPICH is a phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH. By default, it is also a phase reference for downlink DPCH.
Secondary CPICH An arbitrary channel code of SF=256 is used for S-CPICH S-CPICH is scrambled by either the primary or a secondary scrambling code There may be zero, one , or several secondary CPICH. S-CPICH may be transmitted over part of the cell S-CPICH may be a phase reference for S-CCPCH and downlink DPCH.
Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)

Fixed rate30kbpsSF=256 Carry BCH transport channel The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips of each time slot.
Only data part STTD transmit diversity may be used

256 chips (Tx OFF) Data 18 bits Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i 1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
Slot #14
Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
288 bits for paging indication b0 b1
12 bits (undefined) b287 b288 b299
One radio frame (10 ms)
Paging Indicator Channel
PICH is a fixed-rate(SF=256) physical channel used to carry the Paging Indicators (PI).
PICH is always associated with an S-CCPCH to which a PCH

transport channel is mapped.
Frame structure of PICHone frame of length 10ms consists of 300 bits of which 288 bits are used to carry paging indicators and the remaining 12 bits are not defined. N paging indicators {PI0, , PIN-1} in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72, or 144.
If a paging indicator in a certain frame is set to 1, it indicates that UEs associated with this paging indicator should read the corresponding frame of the associated S-CCPCH.
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)
Carry FACH and PCH.

Two kinds of SCCPCH: with or without TFCI. UTRAN decides if a TFCI should be transmitted, UE must support TFCI.
SF =256 - 4. FACH and PCH can be mapped
to the same
or separate
SCCPCHs. If mapped to the same S-CCPCH, they can be mapped to the same fame.
Possible rates are the same as that of downlink DPCH
TFCI NTFCI bits
Data Ndata bits Tslot = 2560 chips, 20*2k bits (k=0..6)
Pilot Npilot bits
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #14
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
The random-access transmission data consists of two parts:
One or several preambles each preamble is of
length
4096chips and consists of 256 repetitions of a signature whose length is 16 chips16 available signatures totally

10 or 20ms message part Which signature is available and the length of message part are determined by higher layer
PRACH Access Timeslot Structure
radio frame: 10 ms 5120 chips #0 Access slot #0 Access slot #1 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9
radio frame: 10 ms
#10
#11
#12
#13
#14
Random Access Transmission Random Access Transmission
Access slot #7 Access slot #8
Random Access Transmission Random Access Transmission
Access slot #14
PRACH Transmission Structure
Preamble 4096 chips
Preamble
Preamble
Message part
10 ms (one radio frame) Preamble Preamble Message part 20 ms (two radio frames)
Preamble 4096 chips
PRACH Message Structure
Data Pilot Npilot bits
Data Ndata bits TFCI NTFCI bits
Control
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..3)
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i Message part radio frame TRACH = 10 ms
Slot #14
Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
Frame structure of AICH two frames, 20 ms consists of a repeated sequence of 15 consecutive AS, each of length 20 symbols(5120 chips). Each time slot consists of two parts an Acquisition-Indicator(AI) and a part of duration 1024chips with no transmission. Acquisition-Indicator AI have 16 kinds of Signature. CPICH is the phase reference of AICH.
AI part
a0 a1 a2 a30 a31 a32 a33
Unused part
a38 a39
AS #14
AS #0
AS #1
AS #i 20 ms
AS #14
AS #0
Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
DPDCH and DPCCH are I/Q code multiplexed within each radio frame
DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer DPCCH carries control information generated at Layer 1 Each frame is 10ms and consists of 15 time slots, each time slot consists of 2560 chips
The spreading factor of DPDCH is from 4 to 256 The spreading factor of DPDCH and DPCCH can be different in the same Layer 1 connection
Each DPCCH time slot consists of Pilot, TFCIFBITPC

Frame Structure of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
DPDCH Pilot Npilot bits
Data Ndata bits TFCI NTFCI bits FBI NFBI bits TPC NTPC bits
DPCCH
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #14
Functions of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
Data bearer at physical layer
DCH Data
DPDCH
Provide control data for DPDCH, such as demodulation, power control, etc
DPCCH
Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel

DCH consists of dedicated data and control information. Control information includesPilotTPCTFCI(optional). The spreading factor of DCH can be from 512 to 4,and can be changed during connection
DPDCH and DPCCH is time multiplexed. Multi-code transmission within one CCTrCH uses the same spreading factor. In this case, the DPCH control information is transmitted only on the first downlink DPCH.
Different CCTrCH can use different spreading factors in the case there are several CCTrCHs for one UE. In this case information of only one DPCCH needs to be transmitted.
Frame Structure of Downlink DPCH
DPDCH Data1 Ndata1 bits
DPCCH TPC NTPC bits TFCI NTFCI bits
DPDCH Data2 Ndata2 bits
DPCCH Pilot Npilot bits
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms
Slot #14
Functions of Downlink DPDCH/DPCCH
Data bearer at physical layer
DCH
DPDCH
DCH data
data
DPCCH
Provide control data for DPDCH ,such as demodulation, power control,etc.

2.1 Physical Channel Structure and Function
2.2 Channel Mapping
Classification of Transport Channel
Dedicated Channel (DCH)

DCH may be UL or DL Broadcast Channel (BCH) Forward Access Channel (FACH) Paging Channel (PCH) ReverseRandom Access Channel (RACH) Common Packet Channel (CPCH) Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH)
Dedicated transport channel
Common transport channel
Channel Mapping
Higher Layer data Logical Channels

(Data Dependent)
Paging
System Info
Signalling
Cell Broadcast Service
Signalling and User data DCCH
PCCH
BCCH
CCCH
CTCH
Decicated Logical Channel

CipherOn {XOR}
DTCH DTCH DTCH
Transport Channels
(L1 Characteristics Dependent)
PCH
BCH
FACH
RACH
DCH
Physical Channels
S-CCPCH
P-CCPCH
PRACH
DPDCH
Course Contents


3.1 Coding and multiplexing technology 3.2 Spreading technology 3.3 Modulation technology
Transport channel multiplexing structure for downlink

TrCH-i
102040 or 80ms
TrCH-i+1
data
0816 or 24bits
data
dataCRC dataCRC
CRC d CRC a t CBL CBL data data
data
dataCRC
512Ktail Conventional code
CRC CBL data
Size Z
5120Ktail Turbo code
CedBL CedBL CedBL Rate Coded matched data data

or
Conventional code or Turbo code
Rate matched data

or
st stinterleaved Data Data before after 1 1 interleaving
DTX
Radio frame
Radio frame
Radio frame
The number frames1 24 or 8
TrCH-1 TrCH-1 TrCH-2 TrCH-2 TrCH-I TrCH-I DTX CCTrCH
10ms 10ms
Ph-1
data1 TPC TFCI data2 pilot
Ph-2
Ph-P
Spreading Scrambling
CRC of TB
Error detection is provided on transport blocks through a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
CRC size is informed by higher layer signal
08121624(optional)
If no TB are input, no CRC bits should be attached. If TB
are input with TB SIZE=0,CRC bits shall be added, i.e. all

parity bits equal to zero.
TB Concatenation and Code Block Segmentation

All transport blocks in a TTI are serially concatenated . The maximum size of the code blocks depends on whether convolutional coding or turbo coding is used for the TrCH .
Convolutional code: if TBS SIZE>504,segmented to multiple code block of the same size. Turbo code:if TBS SIZE>5114, segmented to multiple code block of the same size. No coding:no segmentation If codes cannot be segmented evenly, fill in 0 bits at the beginning of the first code block. If the code block length of Turbo code<40, fill in 0 bits at the beginning to keep the code length constantly as 40.
Channel coding
The following channel coding schemes can be applied to TrCHs:

Convolutional coding, coding rates 1/3 and 1/2 are defined

Turbo coding, The coding rate of Turbo coder is 1/3 No coding
Usage of coding

BCHPCH and RACH1/2 Convolutional coding CPCH DCH DSCH and FACH1/2or1/3 Convolutional coding ,1/3Turbo coding, no coding
Rate Matching
Rate matching means that bits on a transport channel are repeated or punctured.
The number of bits on a transport channel can vary between different transmission time intervals. In the downlink the transmission is interrupted if the number of bits is lower than maximum. When the number of bits between different transmission time intervals in uplink is changed, bits are repeated or punctured to ensure that the
total bit rate after TrCH multiplexing is identical to the total

channel bit rate of the allocated dedicated physical channels.
Interleaving
Functionreduce the influence of fast fading. Two kinds of interleaving 1st interleaving
interleaving and 2nd
The length of 1st interleaving is TTI of TrCH, 1st interleaving is a inter-frame interleaving
The length of 2nd interleaving is a physical frame , 2nd

interleaving is a intra-frame interleaving.
Radio Frame Segmentation
When the transmission time interval is longer than 10 ms, the input bit sequence is segmented and mapped onto
consecutive Fi radio frames.
Following radio frame size equalisation in the UL the input bit sequence length is guaranteed to be an integer multiple of Fi.
Following rate matching in the DL the input bit sequence length is guaranteed to be an integer multiple of Fi.
Multiplexing of TrCH
Every 10 ms, one radio frame from each TrCH is delivered to the TrCH multiplexing. These radio frames are serially
multiplexed into a coded composite transport channel

(CCTrCH)

The format of CCTrCH is indicated by TFCI TrCH can have different TTI before multiplexing 2 types of CCTrCH:Common and dedicated

Common CCTrCH should be multiplexed by common TrCH; Dedicated CCTrCH should be multiplexed by dedicated TrCH
There is only one CCTrCH in uplink and one or several CCTrCH in downlink for one user
Insertion of discontinuous transmission (DTX) indication bits
In the downlink, DTX is used to fill up the radio frame with bits.
DTX indication bits only indicate when the transmission

should be turned off, they are not transmitted.
1st insertion of DTX indication bits
This step of inserting DTX indication bits is used only if the positions of the TrCHs in the radio frame are fixed
2nd insertion of DTX indication bits
The DTX indication bits inserted in this step shall be placed at the end of the radio frame.
Physical Channel Segmentation and Mapping

When multiple physical channels are used, one CCTrCH radio frame can be divided into multiple physical frames multicode transmission Each physical channel of multicode transmission must have the same SF DPCCH and DPDCH of uplink physical channel is code multiplexed. DPCCH and DPDCH of downlink physical channel is time multiplexed Uplink physical channel must be fully filled except when cpmpressed mode is used In downlink, the PhCHs do not need to be completely filled with bits that are transmitted over the air. Values correspond to DTX indicators, which are mapped to the DPCCH/DPDCH fields but are not transmitted over the air.
Physical Channel Forming Before Spreading
Each TrCH can carry different service data, several TrCHs can be multiplexed into a CCTrCH, so WCDMA support
several service share a physical connection.

CCTrCH mapping to data part of physical channel. TFCI,TPC and pilot bits generated at physical layer mapping
to control part of physical channel ,and then spreading and

scrambling, transmitting at air interface at last.
Example of Coding and Multiplexing

Parameters for 12.2kb/s AMR speech
The number of TrChs Transport block size CRC Coding TTI 3 81, 103, and 60 bits 12 bits (attached only to TrCh#1) CC, coding rate = 1/3 for TrCh#1, 2 coding rate = 1/2 for TrCh#3 20 ms
Parameters for 3.4kb/s control channel

Transport block size Transport block set size CRC Coding TTI 148 bits 148 bits 16 bits CC, coding rate = 1/3 40 ms

Transport block TrCh#1
CRC attachment
81 CRC
TrCh#2
103
TrCh#3
60
Tail bit attachment
81
12 Tail
103 Tail 103 8
60 Tail 60 8
Convolutional coding R=1/3, 1/2 Rate matching
93
303
333
136
1st interleaving
303+NRM1
333 +NRM2
136 +NRM3
Radio frame segmentation
303 +NRM1
333 +NRM2
136 +NRM3
#1a
NRF1
#1b
NRF1
#2a
NRF2
#2b
NRF2
#3a
NRF3
#3b
NRF3
NRF1 = (303 +NRM1)/2 NRF2 = (333+ NRM2)/2 NRF3 = (136+ NRM3)/2
To TrCh Multiplexing
Example of Coding and Multiplexing(3.4kbps)

Transport block
CRC attachment
148
CRC
148 16 bits
TrBk concatination
B TrBks (B =0,1)
Tail bit attachment
164*B
Tail Convolutional coding R=1/3 Rate matching Insertion of indication* DTX

164*B 8*B
516*B
(516+NRM)*B
1st interleaving
(516+NRM)*B+NDI
Radio frame segmentation #1

[ (129+NRM)*B+NDI]/ 4
(516+NRM)*B+NDI
#2
[ (129+NRM)*B+NDI]/ 4
#3
[ (129+NRM)*B+NDI]/ 4
#4
[ (129+NRM)*B+NDI]/ 4
To TrCh Multiplexing
* Insertion of DTX indication is used only if the position of the TrCHs in the radio frame is fixed.
12.2 kbps data

#1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1a #2a
12.2 kbps data

#1b #2b #1c #2c #1
3.4 kbps data

#2 #3 #4
TrCH multiplexing
#1a #1b #1c #1 #2a #2b #2c #2 #1a #1b #1c #3 #2a #2b #2c #4
2nd interleaving
510 1 2 15 1 2 510 15 1 2 510 15 1 2 510 15
Physical channel mapping
30 ksps DPCH
slot
CFN=4N
slot
CFN=4N+1
slot
CFN=4N+2
slot
CFN=4N+3 Pilot symbol TPC
Uplink DPCCH/DPDCH Spreading

The DPCCH is always spread by code cc = Cch,256,0 When only 1 DPDCH exists,(Cd,1 = Cch,SF,k )k=SF/4
The code used for scrambling of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH may

be of either long or short type
cd,1 DPDCH1 cd,3 DPDCH3 cd,5 DPDCH5 d Slong,n or Sshort,n I+jQ cd,2 DPDCH2 cd,4 DPDCH4 cd,6 DPDCH6 cc DPCCH c d d d d d
PRACH Spreading
Message
part is shown in the following figure the
value of gain factors is the same with DPDCH/DPCCH
cd PRACH message data part PRACH message control part cc
d Sr-msg,n I I+jQ Q
Downlink Spreading
Downlink physical channel except SCH is first serial-to-parallel converted , spread by the spreading code, and then scrambled by a complex-valued scrambling code. The beginning chip of the scrambling code is aligned with the frame boundary of P-CCPCH. Each channel have different gain factor
I Data of physical channel except SCH
S P
Sdl,n I+jQ S
Cch,SF,m Q
Downlink Spreading
Different physical channel come from point S
G1
G2
P-SCH GP S-SCH GS
Uplink Modulation

The chip rate is 3.84Mbps In the uplink, the complex-valued chip sequence generated by the spreading process is QPSK modulated
cos(t) Split real & imag parts Re{S} Pulse shaping Pulse shaping -sin(t)
Complexvalued sequence after spreading
Im{S}
Downlink Modulation

The chip rate is 3.84Mbps In the downlink, the complex-valued chip sequence generated by the spreading process is QPSK modulated
cos(t) Split real & imag parts Re{S} Pulse shaping Pulse shaping -sin(t)
Complexvalued sequence after spreading
Im{S}
Course Contents


Synchronization ProcedureCell Search

UE uses PSC to acquire slot synchronization to a cell
Slot synchronization
Frame synchronization and code-group identification
UE uses SSC to find frame synchronization and identify the code group of the cell found in the first step
Scrambling-code identification
UE determines the primary scrambling code through correlation over the CPICH with all codes within the identified group, and then detects the P-CCPCH and reads BCH information
Synchronization Procedure Channel Timing Relationship

Primary SCH Secondary SCH Any CPICH
P-CCPCH, (SFN modulo 2) = 0 S-CCPCH,k PICH PICH for k:th S-CCPCH #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8
P-CCPCH, (SFN modulo 2) = 1
k:th S-CCPCH
AICH access slots
#9
#10
#11
#12
#13
#14
Any PDSCH DPCH,n
n:th DPCH
10 ms
Synchronization ProcedureCommon Channel Synchronization

Common Channel Synchronization The following physical channels have the same frame timing

SCH(Primary and secondary)

CPICH(Primary and secondary) P-CCPCH PDSCH
P-CCPCHs radio frame timing is acquired by cell searchThe PCCPCH on which the cell SFN is transmitted is used as timing reference for all the physical channels
Synchronization ProcedureDedicated Channel Synchronization
Synchronization time relations of DPCH
Different downlink DPCHs timing could be different, the offset
between the frame timing of DPCH and P-CCPCH should be

integer multiple of 256 chips, i.e, tDPCH,n=Tn*256 chips Tn={0,1,...149}
On UE side the transmitting time of uplink DPCCH/DPDCH is T0(1024chips) after the 1st downlink detected path
All UL DPCCH/DPDCHs from one UE have the same framing timing.
Random Access ProcedureRACH
Physical random access procedure
1 Derive the available uplink access slots, in the next full access
slot set, for the set of available RACH sub-channels within the given
ASC. Randomly select one access slot among the ones previously determined. If there is no access slot available in the selected set, randomly select one uplink access slot corresponding to the set of available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC from the next access slot set. The random function shall be such that each of the allowed selections is chosen with equal probability
2Randomly select a signature from the set of available signatures within the given ASC.
3 Set the Preamble Retransmission Counter to Preamble_ Retrans_ Max
4 Set
the
parameter
Commanded
Preamble
Power
to
Preamble_Initial_Power
5 Transmit a preamble using the selected uplink access slot, signature, and preamble transmission power. 6 If no positive or negative acquisition indicator (AI +1 nor 1) corresponding to the selected signature is detected in the downlink access slot corresponding to the selected uplink access slot: a Select the next available access slot in the set of available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC bselect a signature cIncrease the Commanded Preamble Power dDecrease the Preamble Retransmission Counter by one. If the Preamble Retransmission Counter > 0 then repeat from step 6. Otherwise exit the physical random access procedure.
7 If a negative acquisition indicator corresponding to the selected signature is detected in the downlink access slot
corresponding to the selected uplink access slot, exit the

physical random access procedure Signature
8 If a positive acquisition indicator corresponding to the selected signature is detected , Transmit the random access
message three or four uplink access slots after the uplink

access slot of the last transmitted preamble
9exit the physical random access procedure
Transmit diversity Mode
Application of Tx diversity modes on downlink physical channel
Physical channel type Open loop mode P-CCPCH SCH S-CCPCH DPCH PICH PDSCH AICH CSICH TSTD applied -
Open loop mode STTD applied applied applied applied applied applied applied
Closed loop Mode applied applied -
Transmit Diversity-STTD
Space time block coding based transmit antenna diversity(STTD
4 consecutive bits b0, b1, b2, b3 using STTD coding
b0 b1 b2 b3 b 0 b1 b 2 b3
Antenna 1
-b2 b3 b0 -b1 Antenna 2 Channel bits
STTD encoded channel bits for antenna 1 and antenna 2.
Transmit Diversity-TSTD
Time switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on SCH channel.

Slot #0 acp
(Tx OFF)
Slot #1 acp acsi,2
Slot #2 acp acsi,14
Slot #14
Antenna 1 acsi,0
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
Antenna 2
(Tx OFF)
acp acsi,1
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
Transmit DiversityClosed Loop Mode
Closed loop mode transmit diversity

Used in DPCH and PDSCH Channel coding, interleaving and spreading are done as in non-
diversity mode. The spread complex valued signal is fed to both TX antenna branches, and weighted with antenna specific weight factors w1 and w2.
The weight factors are determined by the UE, and signalled to
the UTRAN access point (=cell transceiver) using the D-bits of the FBI field of uplink DPCCH.
The calculation of weight factor is the key point of closed loop Tx diversity.there are two modes with different calculation
methods of weight factor

1mode 1 uses phase adjustmentthe dedicated pilot symbols of two antennas are different(orthogonal) 2mode 2 uses phase/amplitude adjustment the dedicated pilot symbols of two antennas are the same.

W (Level1) UMTS Radio Interface Physical Layer 20040728 A 1 (1) .0

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UMTS Radio Interface Physical Layer

Wireless Curriculum Development Section

Chapter 1 Physical Layer Overview

Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.

Security Level: Internal

UTRAN Protocol Structure

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.

Security Level: Internal

Air Interface Protocol Structure

Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.

Security Level: Internal

Data Processing at Physical Layer

Data from MAC LayerTB

Channel coding and multiplexing

Spreading and modulation

Security Level: Internal

In CDMA system, the different code (scrambling code or

Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and

each radio frame consists of 15 time slots.

Two types of physical channel:UL and DL

Spreading consists of 2 steps

Channelization operation which transforms data symbols into

chips. Thus increasing the bandwidth of the signal,.The number of

Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal .

Chips after spreading OVSF code Scrambling code

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.

Scrambling code GOLD sequence.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.

Security Level: Internal

Primary Scrambling Code

Set 0 Scrambling codes for downlink physical channels Set 1

Secondary scrambling code 15

Primary scrambling code 51116

8192 scrambling codes

Secondary scrambling code 5111615

Primary Scrambling Code Group

Primary scrambling code 7

Primary scrambling code 63*87

512 primary scrambling codes

64 primary scrambling code groups

Each group consists of 8 primary scrambling codes

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.

Security Level: Internal

Chapter 1 Physical Layer Overview

Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.

Security Level: Internal

Chapter 2 Physical Channels and Channel Mapping

2.1 Physical Channel Structure and Function

2.2 Channel Mapping

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.

Security Level: Internal

Downlink Physical Channel

Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel

Downlink Common Physical Channel

Downlink Physical Channel

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.

Security Level: Internal

Uplink Physical Channel

Uplink Physical Channel