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Laporan Kasus Kardio CHF Ec CAD
Laporan Kasus Kardio CHF Ec CAD
Laporan Kasus Kardio CHF Ec CAD
Patient Identity
Name Gender Age
Anamnesis (1)
Chief Complaint
: Shortness of breath Shortness of breath has been experienced since 2 years ago and worsened from yesterday. It was experienced while doing minimal activity such as walking to the bathroom and relieved with resting. There is complain of sudden shortness of breath during night time that cause her to be awaken. He also had to use at least 2 pillows to sleep during night time.
Anamnesis (2)
There is also history of chest pain which has
been experienced since 2 years ago. Chest pain was felt like being as punch like pain spread to the neck until her arms and last for less than 5 minutes of duration. Chest pain was also relieved by resting. There is no complaint of palpitation, fever, cough, nausea, and vomit. There is no complaint of urination and defecation.
hospital 2 times with the same complaint of shortness of breath. There is history of hypertension since 10 years ago but she doesnt take the drugs regularly. She never smoking and consumption alcohol. There is no history of fever, congenital heart disease, thyroid disease, and diabetes mellitus. There is also no family history with cardiovascular disease and thyroid disease.
Risk Factors
Cigarette smoking (-)
Alcohol consumption(-)
Hypertension(+) Diabetes Mellitus(-) Cardiovascular disease (+) Thyroid disease (-) History of cardiovascular disease and
Physical Examination
General Status: Severe ill Nutritional Status: Good Consciousness: Conscious Vital Signs: Blood Pressure : 120/70 mmHg Pulse Rate : 76 bpm, regular Respiratory Rate : 28 bpm Temperature : 36.7 C
Physical Examination
Head and Neck Examinations:
Eye
: Conjunctiva anemic (-/-), sclera icteric (-/-) Lip : cyanosis (-) Neck : No mass, no tenderness, JVP : R + 3 cmH2O
Chest Examination
Inspection : Symmetric left=right Palpation : No mass, no tenderness, vocal fremitus
left=right Percussion : Sonor left = right, lung-liver border in ICS VI right anterior Auscultation: Breath sound : vesicular Additional sound : Ronchi + + Wheezing -/+ +
+ +
Physical Examination
Cardiac Examination
Inspection
: Ictus cordis was not visible Palpation : Ictus cordis was not palpable Percussion :Right heart border in right parasternal line, left heart border two fingers from left midclavicular line ICS VI. Auscultation : Heart sound : S I/II regular, no gallop, no additional sound
Physical Examination
Abdominal Examination
Inspection Auscultation Palpation
: flat, following breath movement : Peristaltic sound (+), normal : No mass, no tenderness, no palpable
Extremities Examination
Pretibial edema -/-
Electrocardiography(ECG)
Interpretation:
Rhythm:No sinus HR/QRS
rate:75x/minutes Regularity: regular P wave & PR interval: 0,08s and 0,16 s QRS Complex: 2 small squares(0.08s), Q pathologies in V1,V2, V3. VES (+) Axis: Normal ST segment: Normal T wave: Normal
Conclusion of ECG
Sinus rhythm.
HR 75x/minutes.
Normoaxis. P wave normal. Q pathologies in V1, V2, and V3 (OMI
Chest X-rays
Conclusion : Cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema with dilatation and elongation aortae
Laboratory Finding
Complete Blood Count Test Result Normal value
WBC
RBC
7.9/ul
3.96/l
HGB
HCT PLT
11.6 gr/dl
36.0% 221 000/l
12 16
37 48 150 400 x 103
K
Cl
4.1 mmol/l
117 mmol/l
3.5-5.1
97-111
Laboratory Finding
Blood Chemistry Test GDS Ureum Creatinine SGOT SGPT Total Chol HDL Chol LDL Chol TG Cardiac Enzymes Test CK CK-MB Troponin-T Result 64 U/L 9 U/L <0.1 Normal value <167 <25 Negative Result 131 mg/dl 70 mg/dl 1.0 mgr/dl 35 u/l 36 u/l 150 mg/dl 43 mg/dl 77 mg/dl 76 mg/dl Normal value <140 10 50 < 1.3 <38 <41 <200 > 55 < 130 <200
Diagnosis
CHF NYHA III e.c CAD (OMI
anteroseptal)
Management
O2 5 lpm IVFD NaCl 0.9% 10
dpm
Inj. Furosemide 40
mg/12 jm/ IV
Captopril 12,5 mg 1-1-
0-0-1
Planning
ECG control Echocardiography
DISCUSSION
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Definition
Heart Failure
Heart is no longer able to pump an adequate supply of blood in relation to the venous return and in relation to the metabolic needs of the body tissues at the particular moment
The state in which abnormal circulatory congestion occurs as the result of heart failure.
Other Causes
Cardiomyopathy(dilated)
(30-40%)
Hypertension ( 15-20%)
Arrhythmias Valvular heart disease Congenital heart disease Pericardial disease Hyperdynamic circulation Alcohol and drugs(chemotherapy)
Major Criteria
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea Cardiomegaly
Minor Criteria
Extremity edema Nocturnal cough
Gallop S3
Hepatojugular reflux Increased of JVP Rales or ronchi Acute pulmonary edema Prolonged circulation time(> 25 sec) Weigh loss 4,5 kg in 5 days in
Classification of CHF
Pathophysiology of CHF
Plaque in coronary artery Blood flow to heart muscle is reduced. Heart muscle lacking of oxygen Ischemia of heart muscle can lead to myocardial infarction
Treatment of CHF
blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. (CAD) occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle (the coronary arteries) become hardened and narrowed due to buildup of a material called plaque (plaque) on their inner walls. This is known as atherosclerosis Eventually, blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced, and, because blood carries much-needed oxygen, the heart muscle is not able to receive the amount of oxygen it needs.
atherosclerosis (the thickening and hardening of the inside walls of arteries). Some hardening of the arteries occurs normally as a person grows older. In atherosclerosis, plaque deposits build up in the arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances from the blood. Plaque buildup in the arteries often begins in childhood.
Plaque in the arteries can be: Hard and stable. Hard plaque causes the artery walls to thicken and harden. This condition is associated more with angina than with a heart attack, but heart attacks frequently occur with hard plaque. Soft and unstable. Soft plaque is more likely to break open or to break off from the artery walls and cause blood clots. This can lead to a heart attack.
Risk factors
Risk Factors That Cannot Be Modified: Age and gender. As get older, risk for CAD increases. Men, risk increases after age 45. Women, risk increases after age 55 (or menopause). Family history of early heart disease. Heart disease diagnosed before age 55 in father or brother. Heart disease diagnosed before age 65 in mother or sister. Risk Factors That Can Be Modified: High blood cholesterol (hyperlipidemia) High blood pressure (hypertension) Cigarette smoking Diabetes Overweight or obesity Lack of physical activity
INVESTIGATION
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Treadmill Test
Echocardiography Coronary Angiography Multi-Slice Computed Tomography Scan
TREATMENT (1)
Lifestyle Changes Eat a healthy diet Quit smoking, if you smoke Exercise Lose weight, if you are overweight or obese Reduce stress Medicines Cholesterol-lowering medicines Anticoagulants Aspirin ACE inhibitors Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers Nitroglycerin Long-acting nitrates
TREATMENT (2)
Special Procedures Angioplasty (PTCA) Coronary artery bypass surgery Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP) Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise training Education, counseling, and training
Terima Kasih.
AriGato.
THANK YOU
Danke.
Gracias..