Professional Documents
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CH 14
CH 14
Technology
2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 14:
Information Systems Development
Prepared by:
Roberta M. Roth, Ph.D.
University of Northern Iowa
IS Development Projects
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
14-3
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IS Strategic Plan
Objectives
Align with the organization’s strategic
plan
Provide for an IT architecture that
enables users, applications, and
databases to be seamlessly networked
and integrated
Allocate IS development resources
efficiently among competing projects,
so the projects can be completed on
time, within budget, and have required
functionality
Issues - efficiency; effectiveness;
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
14-4
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IS Operational Plan
Mission - the mission of the IS function
IS environment - the summary of the information
needs of the functional areas and of the organization as a
whole
Objectives - the IS function’s current best estimate of
its goals
Constraints - technological, financial, and personnel
limitations on the IS function
Long-term systems need - a summary of the
processes needed by a company and the IS projects
selected to support them and reach organizational goals
Short-range plan - an inventory of current projects,
and a detailed plan of projects to be developed or
continued during the current year
(6)
Implementation
(7) Operation
(8)
Maintenance
Go Back to a previous Stage or Stop
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
14-7
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Phases in SDLC
System Investigation
Feasibility study determines the probability of success
of proposed system’s development project. Includes
…
• Technical feasibility (will we be able to build the
system?)
• Economic feasibility (how much will it cost to build the
system and how much will it benefit us?)
• Behavioral feasibility (if we build the system, will it be
accepted and used?)
Systems Analysis
Examines the business problem(s) that the
organization plans to solve with information systems
Determines what the new system must do by
examining:
• Strengths and weaknesses of the existing system
• Functions that the new systems must have to solve the
business problem(s)
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
Turban, Rainer & Potter
14-8
•
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Phases in SDLC (continued)
Systems Design
Describes how the system will fulfill the user
requirements
Develop both logical design and physical design
Output => technical design or system specification…
• system outputs, inputs, and user interfaces
• hardware, software, databases, telecommunications,
personnel, and procedures
• how these components are integrated
Programming
the translation of the design specifications into
computer code
structured programming techniques improve the
logical flow of the program by decomposing the
computer code into modules
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
14-9
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Phases in SDLC (continued)
Testing
Checks to see if the computer code will produce the
expected and desired results under certain conditions
Implementation
The process of converting from the old system to the
new system
Four major conversion strategies
• Parallel conversion: the old and new systems
operate simultaneously for a period of time
• Direct conversion: the old system is cut off and the
new systems is turned on at a certain point in time
• Pilot conversion: introduces the new system in one
part of the organization
• Phased conversion: introduces components of the
new system in stages
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
14-10
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SDLC Phases
Operation
the new system will operate for a
period of time, until it no longer meets
its objectives
Maintenance (simultaneous with
Operation)
debugging the programs
updating the system to accommodate
changes in business conditions
adding new functionality to the system
Introduction to Information Technology, 2nd Edition
14-11
Turban, Rainer & Potter
© 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Alternatives to the SDLC
Prototyping
Starts with only a general idea of user requirements,
and develops models of the system ‘until it’s right’
Advantages:
Speeds up the development approach
Gives the users the opportunity to clarify their
information requirements
Useful in the development of decision support
systems and executive information systems
Disadvantages:
Replaces the systematic analysis and design stages
of the SDLC - quality may be sacrificed
Can result in an excess of iterations