MANGANESE (Mn)

Manganese metal was isolated by Gahn in 1774. He reduced the dioxide (MnO2, as the mineral pyrolusite) with charcoal (essentially carbon) by heating and the result was a sample of the metal manganese. These compounds were called 'magnes' in Latin,

meaning 'magnet.'

Here are interesting facts about Manganese

Manganese is an essential element in photosynthesis.
Human bodies contain a tiny amount of manganese: about 10 - 20 mg. If you chopped a 10c coin into 100 equal pieces, each piece would weigh more than the weight of manganese in an average human. Despite this, we cannot survive without it; manganese performs vital metabolic functions. Manganese in humans needs to be topped up frequently because our bodies cannot store it. In the first century A.D., Pliny the Elder, the Roman author, described how black powder (manganese dioxide) was used to manufacture colorless glass. It is still used for the same purpose today

Characteristics of manganese: Manganese is a gray-white, hard. It is not magnetic. The metal tarnishes on exposure to air and, when heated, oxidizes to manganese(II, III) oxide (Mn3O4).
manganese has more than one common oxidation state. The most stable is +2, which is a pale pink color in aqueous solutions. Manganese's +4, brown/black, which is found in MnO2; Manganese's +7 found in the purple permanganate anion MnO4-. Mangan +6 berwarna hijau dalam larutan.

Radii/ pm:

Mn2+ 52; Mn 3+ 70; Mn2+ 91; aromic 124; covalent 117

1.55(pauling); 1.60(Alfred); 3.71eV(absolute) Ar]3d5 4s2 silvery metallic Metallic solid at 298 K 25

Electronegativity: Electron configuration: Colour: Classification Standard state: Atomic number

Chemical Properties

Melting point
Boiling point Hfusion Hvapour Density (kg/m-3)

: 1517 K
: 2235 K : 14.4 kJ/mol : 219.7 kJ/mol : 7440() [273 K]; 6430[liquid at m.p]

Molar volume (cm-3)

: 7.38

Thermal conductivity (W m-1 K-1)

: 7.82(300 K)

Physical Properties

Reaction of Manganese

with air with water

3Mn(s) + 2O2(g) Mn3O4(s) 3Mn(s) + N2(g) Mn3N2(s)

Manganese does not react with water under normal conditions.

 Mn(s) + Cl2(g) MnCl2(s)

with the halogens

Mn(s) + Br2(g) MnBr2(s) Mn(s) + I2(g) MnI2(s)

Mn(s) + F2(g) MnF2(s)

2Mn(s) + 3F2(g) 2MnF3(s)

with acids

Mn(s) + H2SO4(aq) Mn2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) + H2(g)

Used to form many important alloys the dioxide is used in the preparation of oxygen, chlorine, and in drying black paints the dioxide (pyrolusite) is used as a depolariser in dry cells, and is used to "decolourise" glass that is coloured green by impurities of iron. important in the utilisation of vitamin B1 The permanganate is a powerful oxidising agent and is used in quantitative analysis and in medicine Organo-manganese compounds can be added to gasoline to increase its octane rating and reduce engine knock. In human body , it needs to metabolize carbohydrates, cholesterol, and amino acids