First time used in Germany

Older than invention of mobile phone(April 1973)

Was developed during or on basis during world-war I

Between Berlin to Zossen in military trains in 1918

Public trials between Berlin to Hamburg in 1924

0 signifies invention of the technology

Mobile Radio Telephone System

Types Of 0G:

OG

PPT

MTS

IMTS

OLT

PPT(Push To Talk)
Also known as Press To Transmit Example : Conversation Only one person between aero plane pilot and can talk at a time and other traffic controller at airport should hear Half Duplex communication

MTS(Mobile Radio Telephone System)

Whole area is divided Every into sections Transceivers section had and each are used its own section had frequency a base station Due to very large size MTS phone were installed in trains or in vehicles

Used in 1946

IMTS(Improved mobile telephone system)

Same frequency was used(so base stations were to be located distantly to avoid interference) Voice/sound can be No need to contact transmitted and received telephone at both ends operator for calling simultaneou sly.

Progression of MTS

Installation of high powered transmitter to cover large range

Full duplex system

OLT

Offentlig Landmobile Telefoni or Public Land Mobile Telephony

Developed by Teverket(Norway) in 1966

It supported both half way and full way duplex system

1G

1st generation system

Also known as Advanced Mobile Phone System(AMPS)

Based on analogue cellular system

Introduced in 1978 in USA

Played vital role of moving mass to use mobile phones Only voice calling was possible

2G

2G: 2nd generation mobile network system

Introduced in 90s
Digital Cellular System FAX, SMS and email services were introduced.

Being digital in nature, it was difficult to eavesdrop

2G proved to be a leap forward (especially in India)

 Semi Global Roaming System

Connectivity all over the world

In spite of being superseded by other technologies like 3G and 4G, etc.; it is most used widely

It divided in 2 types
TDMA CDMA GSM (TDMA type) is used by almost 80% total subscribers CDMA is used by almost by 17% of them.

 Short lived mobile technologies between 2G and 3G

2.5G introduction of GPRS

2.5G & 2.75G

Serious improvements like packet switching, WAP, MMS, etc.

2.75G

Also called as EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)

Considerable increase in data speeds

3G

3rd generation Main idea was standardization of mobile network technology across the globe

Under IMT-2000
supports both circuit switched and packet data systems

 Very high spectrum efficiency In both GSM and CDMA Data speeds up to 2Mbps

Advantages like
Alternate billing methods(pay-per-bit, pay per-session, flat rate, symmetric bandwidth)

4G

4th generation mobile network system Descendent of 3G standards Ultra broadband Substitute for DSL and cable network Speed up to 20 Mbps(currently) Can reach up to 1 Gbps

 Supports IP based system IP protocol. Two technologies of 4G:

Mobile WiMax2
LTE advanced Applications: 3D conferencing ePayment Two Major technologies: WiMax2

LTE advanced

 WiMax2 :

WiMax2

Up to 30 to 40 Mbps and 1Gbps at selected locations Introduced in South Korea in 2006 in 2nd quarter By end of 2008, it had 350 million subscribers By end of 2011, it had more than 1 billion subscribers

LTE Advanced

Introduced in Moscow, Russia in October 2012 Developed by Yota(Russia)

 Investment in spectrum Capital Expenditure Operational Expenses

Out of reach of masses

Security issues