Karen Grant-White MScN, CCRN, RN

state of complete emotional, psychological and social wellbeing not the mere absence of mental illness.

sense of self sufficiency, self esteem and self worth. Ability to trust others Ability to give and receive friendship, affection and love. Ability to form enduring emotional attachment. Ability to experience deep emotions

 Ability

to forgive others and oneself Ability to examine oneself and consider change. Ability to learn from experience. Ability to tolerate uncertainty and take risks. The ability to engage in reverie and fantasy.(D.Semple et al 2005. )

 Mental

disorders are biologically based brain disorders that variably affect aspects of cognition, emotion and behaviour leading to disruption in social, occupational, academical and psychological functioning.

 Schizophrenia
Mood

Disorder Anxiety Disorders

Definition
A psychotic disorder in which there is disturbance in thinking, speech, perception and behaviour, resulting in loss of contact with reality. This is manifested in poor groomimg, social withdrawal and abnormal affect (flat, blunted or inappropriate)

 Biological

factors - Abnormal changes in the chemical make up of the brain mainly an increase in dopamine. Genetic factors - Studies have shown that Schizophrenia can be inherited. Developmental theory - disturbances during psychological development of the child. Social factors - such as life events (marriage, childbirth, death; economic and cultural factors).

1. 2. 3.

Paranoid type suspiciousness, persecutory

ideas

Disorganized type disorganized speech,

dress, bizarre behavior, flat affect

Catatonic type - Psycho - motor retardation

(waxy flexibility or stupor), maintenance of a rigid posture against attempts to be moved

4.

Undifferentiated type not easily

differentiated as in the first three

5.

Residual type no active delusions,

hallucinations, disorganized speech or catatonic behaviour but have residue of odd beliefs and are able to function

 Hallucinations

a false sensory perception (affects the 5 senses eg auditory & visual) Illusions misperception of real external stimuli (eg. Thinking a suit on a chair is a man) Delusions a false fixed belief not in keeping with reality eg the unrealistic idea of being followed by the FBI. Disorganized speech - irrational Grossly disorganised behaviour Negative symptoms, eg. flat or dull affect, limited speech, social withdrawal, lack of self care, poor rapport with others.

Two main types:

Depressive

disorder Bipolar Disorder

 Reduced

psychomotor activity Loss of energy Little or no sleep or excessive sleep Little or no appetite or excessive eating Loss of interest in previous areas of interest Poor attention, concentration and memory Guilt Persistent sad or low feeling Suicidal ideations

 Persistent

sad or low feeling Suicidal ideations

 Feeling

elated Rapid speech Racing thoughts Feeling of self importance or overconfidence Extravagant spending Too busy to eat or sleep High Libido or preoccupation with sex Religiosity

 Excessive

and continuous worrying over everyday matters so much that it disrupts normal day to day functioning.

 Excessive

concern and fretting Feeling nervous Feeling tired easily. Unable to sleep. Feeling irritable Poor concentration Muscle tension. Feeling stifled Fast heartbeat Indigestion Headaches Twitching

 Management

of all cases of psychosis is based primarily on the severity of the condition. The two broad approach is Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

 Relief

of symptoms in the acute phase. Stabilisation to enhance readjustment and integration back to previous functioning level or better. Rehabilitation for maintenance and prevention of relapse.

 Prognosis

is determined by so many factors which include; Heredity Early detection and prompt treatment Gender Premorbid personality Family and social support Good insight Non use of illicit drugs or substance abuse Compliance with follow up plans

question

THANKS