Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction To Fibre Optic Communication: Mid Sweden University
Introduction To Fibre Optic Communication: Mid Sweden University
Introduction To Fibre Optic Communication: Mid Sweden University
Communication
Mid Sweden University
Outline
Terrestial
– Long haul
– Metropolitan
– Office
Submarine
Loss mechanisms:
– Material absorption
– Rayleigh scattering
• Modal dispersion
• Chromatic dispersion
– material dispersion
– waveguide dispersion
Pulse broadening:
– Modal dispersion ~ 10 ns/km
– Chromatic dispersion ~ 0.1 ns/km
• In-line amplifiers
– replaces regenerators
• Power amplifiers
– boost signals to compensate fibre losses
• Preamplifiers
– boost the recieved signals
• LAN amplifiers
– compensate distribution losses in local-
area networks
• NF = SNRin / SNRout
Spectroscopic properties
Gain spectrum
• Fibre NA = 0.16
• Fibre length = 9 m
EDFA design
980 nm ~ 11 dB/mw
1480 nm ~ 5 dB/mw
• Resonance @ 1.32 µm
• Low QE ~ 4%
• GE < 0.2 dB/mW
• Two pumping wavelengths:
– InGaAs laser @ 1017 nm (< 50
mW output)
– Nd:YLF crystal laser @ 1047 nm
(ineffective & expensive)
Results so far:
• QE of ~ 5% in ZBLAN glass
• QE of ~ 19 % in GLS glass (University of Southampton, 1998)
• Small signal gains ~ 38 dB
• Saturated output powers of up to 200 mW
• NF ~ 15 dB
Problem:
• Require glass compositions with low phonon energies
• Non-silica based – splicing difficulties
Department of Information Technology and
Media
Magnus Engholm
Nd-doped Fibre Amplifiers (NDFA)
Characteristics
Gain spectrum
• 9 km gain fibre
• Gain peak ~ 60 - 100 nm above
pump wavelength
• Low NF ~ 5 dB
• Peak gain is 18 dB
• Pump wavelength 1455 nm
Advantages Disadvantages
• SRS effect is present in all fibres • Fast response time
• Gain at any wavelength • High pump powers required
• Low NF due to low ASE • High power pumps are
expensive at the wavelengths of
interest
• Low NF ~ 3.5 dB
• High cost • NF ~ 6 dB
• High complexity • Low cost
• Low complexity
a) Straightforward, but
inconvenient to use
b) Looks simple, but is
difficult to make
c) Possible problem: fibre
damage – fibre gets hot
and may brake
Results so far:
• 500 mW (J. Minelly, Corning)
• 800 mW (A. Kurkow, GPI, Moscow)