Mechanism of Rolling Circle Replication in Geminiviruses: Role of Replication Enhancer (Ren/Al3)

You might also like

Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 18

DISSERTATION

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANT STRESS (ICG608)

MECHANISM OF ROLLING CIRCLE REPLICATION


IN GEMINIVIRUSES: ROLE OF REPLICATION
ENHANCER (REn/AL3)

KALYAN KUMAR PASUMARTHY


Ph.D STUDENT(2004)
GEMINIVIRUS

• PLANT PATHOGEN
• LEGUMINOUS PLANTS
• AGRO-ECONOMIC LOSS

 EFFECTIVE CONTROL MEASURES ARE REQUIRED
GEMINIVIRUS

CR : Region common to A& B


component containing origin
of replication
AL1 : Replication initiator
AL2 :Transcriptional activator
AL3 :Replication enhancer
AV1 :Coat protein
BL1 :Intercellular movement
BR1 :Transport of viral DNA
across nuclear envelope

(MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC INDIA VIRUS) 
BEGOMOVIRUS

•Small genome
•Codes essential proteins only
•Exploits host cell machinary for its propogation 
GEMINIVIRUS: REPLICATION

• Multiplies only in differentiated cells
• Replicates by rolling circle replication
• Only viral protein known to involve directly in replication is 
replication initiator protein (Rep/AL1)
•Depends almost on host cellular machinery for elongation of 
replication
?
2. How does virus get the replication machinary in a 
differentiated cell?
3. What factors induce the host cell to synthesize the proteins 
required for virus?
4. What factors direct the host replication machinary to the 
work on viral genome?
THUS, PROPER UNDERSTANDING OF GEMINIVIRAL 
REPLICATION ENABLES US TO CONTROL ITS 
PATHOGENESIS AT THE REPLICATION STEP AND 
ALSO LETS US UNDERSTAND THE PLANT 
REPLICATION MECHANISM
GEMINIVIRUS: Rolling Circle Replication
Mechanism of Geminiviral Rolling circle replication
A A T
A
T T

• Rep initiates RCR by nicking at the origin A
A
T Replication initiation /
Rep nicking site
T
C C
• Rep religates the newly synthesized ssDNA genome G
A
C
T
C G
T A
C G
A T
C G
G C
G C
G C CGCGACCGGTGTATTG 
ATCGGTGTACAC//TCGGTGTATCGGTGTCTTA//GCCCATAG 
ITS COLLABORATION AND CO-OPERATION

• N-terminal ~120 Amino acids are enough for cutting and


ligation and DNA binding
• C-terminal ~180 Amino acids determine the ATPase activity
• Interacts with various host and viral proteins
• forms self-oligomers
• Retinoblastoma related proteins
• Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
• Replication factor C
• Ser/Thr kinase
• Viral proteins – Coat protein and AL3
AL3 IS THE REPLICATION ENHANCER

• AL3 associates with Rep
• Viral protein AL3  increases the accumulation of viral 
genome
• Replication Enhancer
• AL3 is an Accessory Protein

AL3 association with Rep does not enhance the nicking 
or ligating activity of Rep. However,  AL3 increases the 
ATPase and Helicase activity of Rep
Mechanism of Geminiviral Rolling circle replication
Role of AL3
AL3 interacts with Retinoblastoma Related Proteins
• Releases E2F transcription factor
• Host re­enters cell cycle
• Synthesizes the required replication machinary that may be 
hijacked by viral proteins

AL1/AL3
Mechanism of Geminiviral Rolling circle replication
Role of AL3

AL3 interacts with Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen
• PCNA is associated with DNA Pol
• This association may localize the DNA Pol at the viral origin
• PCNA interaction with Rep down regulates the Rep Activity

AL3 interacts with the NAC domain Transcription factor
• AL3 induces the expression of SINAC I 
• SINAC 1 is a transcription activator
• SINAC I enhances the viral replication
• This may activate the genes responsible for replication 
Proposed Model
Enhanced genome replication of Geminivirus in the presence 
of AL3 is because of the accessory role of AL3 during the 
progression of DNA synthesis by increasing the helicase 
activity of Rep and bringing other necessary molecules at the 
site of replication rather than increase in the mass initiation of 
replication by nicking at viral origin
PROPOSED WORK
To do exhaustive search for the various AL3 interacting molecules
• Yeast two hybrid analysis
• In vitro pull­down assay
• Analysis of the interacting
 molecules from the view of viral replication

To figure out the AL3 domain(s) interacting with AL1
• N/C­terminal truncations    
• Site directed mutagenesis
• Evaluate the efficiency of mutated AL3 by assaying the colony 
forming ability in yeast and replication efficiency in protoplasts
 Model for Proposed Yeast two hybrid 
analysis

AL3 cDNA lib 
of  French 
bean or 
A.thaliana
Model for Mutagenesis and Replication Efficiency Assay

AL2
Rep/AL1 REn/AL3
THANK YOU…………
A A T
A
T T
A T Replication initiation /
A Rep nicking site
T
C C
G C
A T
C G
T A
C G
A T
C G
G C
G C
G C CGCGACCGGTGTATTG 
ATCGGTGTACAC//TCGGTGTATCGGTGTCTTA//GCCCATAG 

You might also like