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Mechanism of Rolling Circle Replication in Geminiviruses: Role of Replication Enhancer (Ren/Al3)
Mechanism of Rolling Circle Replication in Geminiviruses: Role of Replication Enhancer (Ren/Al3)
Mechanism of Rolling Circle Replication in Geminiviruses: Role of Replication Enhancer (Ren/Al3)
• PLANT PATHOGEN
• LEGUMINOUS PLANTS
• AGRO-ECONOMIC LOSS
EFFECTIVE CONTROL MEASURES ARE REQUIRED
GEMINIVIRUS
(MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC INDIA VIRUS)
BEGOMOVIRUS
•Small genome
•Codes essential proteins only
•Exploits host cell machinary for its propogation
GEMINIVIRUS: REPLICATION
• Multiplies only in differentiated cells
• Replicates by rolling circle replication
• Only viral protein known to involve directly in replication is
replication initiator protein (Rep/AL1)
•Depends almost on host cellular machinery for elongation of
replication
?
2. How does virus get the replication machinary in a
differentiated cell?
3. What factors induce the host cell to synthesize the proteins
required for virus?
4. What factors direct the host replication machinary to the
work on viral genome?
THUS, PROPER UNDERSTANDING OF GEMINIVIRAL
REPLICATION ENABLES US TO CONTROL ITS
PATHOGENESIS AT THE REPLICATION STEP AND
ALSO LETS US UNDERSTAND THE PLANT
REPLICATION MECHANISM
GEMINIVIRUS: Rolling Circle Replication
Mechanism of Geminiviral Rolling circle replication
A A T
A
T T
• Rep initiates RCR by nicking at the origin A
A
T Replication initiation /
Rep nicking site
T
C C
• Rep religates the newly synthesized ssDNA genome G
A
C
T
C G
T A
C G
A T
C G
G C
G C
G C CGCGACCGGTGTATTG
ATCGGTGTACAC//TCGGTGTATCGGTGTCTTA//GCCCATAG
ITS COLLABORATION AND CO-OPERATION
• AL3 associates with Rep
• Viral protein AL3 increases the accumulation of viral
genome
• Replication Enhancer
• AL3 is an Accessory Protein
AL3 association with Rep does not enhance the nicking
or ligating activity of Rep. However, AL3 increases the
ATPase and Helicase activity of Rep
Mechanism of Geminiviral Rolling circle replication
Role of AL3
AL3 interacts with Retinoblastoma Related Proteins
• Releases E2F transcription factor
• Host reenters cell cycle
• Synthesizes the required replication machinary that may be
hijacked by viral proteins
AL1/AL3
Mechanism of Geminiviral Rolling circle replication
Role of AL3
AL3 interacts with Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen
• PCNA is associated with DNA Pol
• This association may localize the DNA Pol at the viral origin
• PCNA interaction with Rep down regulates the Rep Activity
AL3 interacts with the NAC domain Transcription factor
• AL3 induces the expression of SINAC I
• SINAC 1 is a transcription activator
• SINAC I enhances the viral replication
• This may activate the genes responsible for replication
Proposed Model
Enhanced genome replication of Geminivirus in the presence
of AL3 is because of the accessory role of AL3 during the
progression of DNA synthesis by increasing the helicase
activity of Rep and bringing other necessary molecules at the
site of replication rather than increase in the mass initiation of
replication by nicking at viral origin
PROPOSED WORK
To do exhaustive search for the various AL3 interacting molecules
• Yeast two hybrid analysis
• In vitro pulldown assay
• Analysis of the interacting
molecules from the view of viral replication
To figure out the AL3 domain(s) interacting with AL1
• N/Cterminal truncations
• Site directed mutagenesis
• Evaluate the efficiency of mutated AL3 by assaying the colony
forming ability in yeast and replication efficiency in protoplasts
Model for Proposed Yeast two hybrid
analysis
AL3 cDNA lib
of French
bean or
A.thaliana
Model for Mutagenesis and Replication Efficiency Assay
AL2
Rep/AL1 REn/AL3
THANK YOU…………
A A T
A
T T
A T Replication initiation /
A Rep nicking site
T
C C
G C
A T
C G
T A
C G
A T
C G
G C
G C
G C CGCGACCGGTGTATTG
ATCGGTGTACAC//TCGGTGTATCGGTGTCTTA//GCCCATAG