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Engleberg PPT ch5
Engleberg PPT ch5
Engleberg PPT ch5
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Quotable Quote
The difference between the almost right word and the right word is really a large matter tis the difference between the lightening bug and the lightening.
Mark Twain
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 2
PowerPoint Quiz
Researchers estimate that the first humans to speak language as we know it lived in East Africa __________ years ago.
A. B. C. D. E. 25,000 50,000 150,000 500,000 1,000,000
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3
Speech Function
Nose: To provide nasal resonance in sounds Lips: To form vowels and consonants Larynx: To produce vibrations for sound
Human Language
Language
A system of arbitrary signs and symbols used to communicate thoughts and feelings
There are 5,000-6,000 spoken languages. All languages have grammatical rules to describe how words should be arranged, modified, and even punctuated.
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 6
Quotable Quote
Whatever else people do when they come togetherwhether they play, fight, make love, or make automobilesthey talk. We live in a world of language.
Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman, linguists
Signs
A sign stands for or represents something specific and often looks like or depicts the thing it represents.
Triangle of Meaning
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Connotative Meaning
The personal feeling connected to the meaning of a word
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Whats in a Name?
What does your name mean?
Example: Dianna comes from the word
divine. Also, my grandfathers name was Daniel so I was sort of named after him.
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Define pig
Denotative Meaning
Domestic swine with short legs, cloven hooves, bristly hair, and a snout used for digging
Connotative Meanings
A greedy and gross person ________________ ________________ ________________ _________________
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Concrete Words
Refer to specific things that can be perceived by the senses. Concrete words minimize misunderstanding. Examples: dog, beagle, Fido
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 14
Levels of Language
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Beverage Book
Decaf Cappuccino
Religion
Christianity
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Men tend to use more direct and forceful language to assert their ideas and compete with others.
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 19
Gender-Biased Words
Gender-Biased Term
Stewardess Fireman Female soldier Mankind _____________ _____________
Gender-Neutral Term
Flight attendant Firefighter Soldier _______________ _______________ _______________
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Code Switching
The ability to modify your verbal and nonverbal communication and adopt the language of the majority in a particular situation People learn code switching to avoid negative stereotypes about them based on their accent or dialect.
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 22
Language Difficulties
Bypassing Example: I said hold the check until next Monday, not this Monday.
Example: _________________ __________________________ Example: _________________ __________________________
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PowerPoint Quiz
Why do people swear?
A. Swearing is lazy language thats easy to call on. B. Swearing can be fun if its used humorously in the right company. C. Friends and/or colleagues do it. D. Swearing helps emphasize a point. E. All of the above
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Passive Voice
The subject receives the action. A passive voice takes the focus away from the subject of your sentence.
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PowerPoint Quiz
Identify the passive-voice sentence:
A. Independence was brought to the colonies by the Continental Congress. B. The Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in 1776. C. The Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence. D. Thomas Jefferson wrote most of the Declaration of Independence.
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 33
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Avoid Gobbledygook
No more than 40 words in a sentence Only one subject per sentence Dont include information just because you know it. What does the listener need to know? Shorter words and phrases such as now rather than at the present time
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 35
Communication Assessment
Writing Apprehension Test (WAT)
Indicate the degree to which each statement applies to you by marking whether you (1) strongly agree, (2) agree, (3) are uncertain about, (4) disagree, or (5) strongly disagree.
__ 3. __ 9. __ 18. __ 20. I look forward to writing down my ideas. I like to have my friends read what Ive written. I dont think I write as well as other people write. Im not good at writing.
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