CHAPTER 5

MOTION

1. Distance travelled total length covered by moving object. 2. Speed defined as the rate of change of distance - the distance travelled per unit time speed = distance travelled time taken - unit of speed is m/s @ ms

3. Velocity is a measure of how fast an object moves and in which direction it moves - as the rate of change of distance travelled in a specific direction velocity = Displacement time taken v= d / t ms

4. Acceleration - measure of how fast the velocity changes. - the rate of change of velocity acceleration = change in velocity time taken a = v( final velocity) u(initial velocity) / t Examples calculation : 1. A car travelled due to south starts from rest and attains a velocity of 50 m/s in 15 s. What is the acceleration of the car ? 2. An LRT train travels 30 meter in 2 s. What is the speed of the LRT trains ?

 Inertia is define as the tendency of a body mass to maintain its original position , state of rest or uniform motion unless it is acted upon by external force
-When a bus stop suddenly, the passengers experience a forward jerk - This is because the motion inertia of the passenger tries to maintain its original movement

Which person in this ring will be harder to move? The sumo wrestler or the little boy?

 It is easier to moves a bicycle than a car. Why ? Why the train need to push the brake far from the terminal ?
The greater mass of a body, the greater its inertia

Seat belts- protect the driver & passenger from injuring when the car suddenly stops or crashes Headrest serves to ptotect the driver necks from injuries when the car hit from the behind that cause the head to be thrown backwards Airbag prevent the passenger from hitting the front

 Momentum is define as the product of its mass and velocity momentum, P = mv ( mass x velocity ) = kgms Depends on: i) Mass : the bigger the mass, the higher the momentum ii) Velocity : the faster the velocity, the bigger the momentum

Principle of Conservation of Momentum state in the total momentum of two or more objects before collision is equal to the total momentum after collision provided no resultant external force acts on the objects Total momentum before collision M1U1 + M2U2

= =

total momentum after collision M1V1 + M2V2

1. Pressure is defined as force per unit area Pressure, P = Force Area = F / A Nm @ pascal 2. The pressure acting on surface depends on - The total force act : the larger force, the largest pressure exert - The surface area : smaller surface area, the largest pressure produced

Applying pressure in everyday life : 1. High pressure is applied when - Cutting - Sewing - Nails are hammered into wood - The studs the soles of soccer boots 2. Low pressure is applied when - Wide caterpillar tracks over soft ground - Flat bottom shoes are worn - Wide handles of shoulder bag - Wide tyres used in racing cars

 In 1650, scientist name Pascals discovered that pressure is applied to enclosed fluid, the pressure is transmitted uniformly throughout the fluid in all direction This fact is called the Principle of transmisson of pressure in fluids ( Prinsip Pemindahan tekanan dalam bendalir )

 Principle of transmisson of pressure in fluids states that if pressure is applied to enclosed liquid , the pressure exerted is transmitted uniformly The common application of the principle of transmission of pressure can be seen on the brake hydraulic in vehicle and hydraulic jack

1.2m 0.2m

The pressure exerted by small piston ,P = Force / Area = 10 N / 0.2 = 50 pa According to Principle of transmisson of pressure in fluid, the pressure 50 pa will be transmitted equally the whole liquid Its mean the pressure acting on big piston is 50 pa. The total weight/ force/ load on big pistron, P = Force / Area 50 pa = F / 1.2 F = 50 X 1.2 F = 250 N

1. When a force is applied to the pump small piston 2. It will exerts a pressure. 3. Pressure will transmitted throughout the liquid

- When the brake pedal is pushed, a force is applied to the piston in the master cylinder - The piston exerts pressure which is transmitted uniformly to the large cyclinder

Thanks!