NANTENNA

MADE BY: EKTA SRIVASTAVA 10333321012 EN BRANCH 3RD YEAR

 INTRODUCTION
HISTORY THEORY

PRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

APPLICATIONS
FUTURESCOPE

INTRODUCTION
A nantenna (nanoantenna) is a nanoscopic rectifying antenna that converts solar radiation into electricity, an idea first proposed by Robert L. Bailey in 1972. It is an electromagnetic collector designed to absorb specific wavelengths that are proportional to the size of the nantenna.

HISTORY

Currently, Idaho National Laboratories has designed a nantenna to absorb wavelengths in the range of 3 15 m These wavelengths correspond to photon energies of 0.08-0.4 eV.

Alvin M. Marks received a patent in 1984 for a device explicitly stating the use of sub-micron antennas for the direct conversion of light power to electrical power.

E-beam lithography was used to fabricate the arrays of loop nantenna metallic structures. The nantenna consists of three main parts: the ground plane, the optical resonance cavity, and the antenna

Nantenna

arrays can be designed to absorb any frequency of light. The frequency of a nantenna can be selected by varying its length. Nantenna has high theoretical efficiency when compared to the theoretical efficiency of single junction solar cells (30%).

1) At frequencies above infrared,

almost all of the current is carried near the surface of the wire which reduces the effective cross sectional area of the wire, leading to an increase in resistance. This effect is also known as the skin effect

2) Another complication- diodes

used in larger scale nantennas cannot operate at THz frequencies without large loss in power. The large loss in power is a result of the junction capacitance (also known as parasitic capacitance) found in p-n junction diodes and Schottky diodes, which can only operate effectively at frequencies less than 5 THz. Therefore, alternative diodes need to be used for efficient power conversion.

1.The nantenna devices can be optimized for collection of discrete bands of em energy, building insulations and heat dissipation in devices like computers.

2. It is used electronic devices for charging purposes.

3.Economical largescale fabrication would support applications, such as, coating the roofs of buildings .

Present-day diodes are unable to efficiently rectify at frequencies which are higher. A rectifier must be designed that can properly turn the absorbed light into usable energy. Another focus of research will be how to properly upscale the process to mass-market production. New materials will need to be chosen and tested that will easily comply. We encourage the scientific community to consider this technology along with others as sources for solar energy.