DEVELOPMENT IN SATELLITE COMMUNICATION AND BROADBAND INTERNET By Guru Hariharan Chief Executive BSES TELECOM LTD

Highlights of New Telecom Policy

Category 'A' - whole of India Category 'B' - 20 telecom circles: Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Pune. Category 'C' - secondary switching areas of DoT. A company can get any number of licenses. There shall be no limit on number of licenses that can be granted to a company in a particular area. International connectivity would be through gateways of DoT, VSNL or authorized public/ government organizations. Private ISPs will be allowed to provide gateways only after obtaining security clearance. Direct interconnectivity between two separately licensed ISPs shall be permitted. ISPs will be free to fix their own tariff. However, TRAI may review tariffs at any time. Telephony on the Internet is not permitted.

Current Internet Market Scenario

The number of Internet Subscribers in India is likely to double to 7.9 million by the end of the year, making it the fastest growing market in Asia, India had two million Internet users at the end of 2000, more than triple the total a year earlier. The current six million frequent Internet Subscribers in India will increase to a staggering 40 million by the year-end 2005. Gartner projects the number of real Internet Subscribers to reach 7.9 million by year-end 2001

Why need satellite and fiber backbone ?

Existing Monopoly Of VSNL VSNL is India's monopoly carrier of international telecom traffic. services include telephony, telex and telegraph. Also provides a host of value-added services. gateway packet data transmission, electronic data interchange Internet, International Maritime Satellite (Inmarsat) mobile services, satellite uplinking, private leased channels, video conferencing etc. It is at present the monopoly gateway access provider for international data transmission and Internet. VSNL's monopoly on the international gateways has been removed with private parties setting up Internet gateways.

Submarine Cable Network

The submarine gateway opens up a new revolution in the Field of IT technology having a terra byte Capacity with 100% commitment for faster communication.

Major Submarine Cable Network Players In India

FLAG TELECOM SEA-ME-WE 3 DISHNET I 2 I NETWORKS

Why Satellite ? Satellite can fill in pockets where other technologies cant reach. Global coverage. Broadcast applications such as the delivery of the same information to a large group of users. High speed reliability. Less packet loss. Supporting DVB platforms for broadband applications. Communication at terrestial links

Role of Satellites in Telecom Industry

Web browsing
WWW browsing, FTP access, and also electronic mail. High end users, Telecommuters and Small Office/Home Office users desire high bandwidth access, which cannot be satisfied by common technologies

Information dissemination and broad-/mulitcast

Satellite networks are better media to deliver bulk data, anywhere and anytime. Some illustrative examples include maps and situation awareness data, stock market and financial numbers, battlefield information, and medical data. Data broadcast, such as Webcasting, network news, and TV programs can be very expensive for point-to-point networks, but is ideally suited to broadcast satellites. Therefore, GEO satellites are far more suitable for these applications than is the traditional terrestrial network

Videoconferencing
Video conferencing applications use data compression to allow two-way multi-user video conferencing connections to work over limited bandwidth channels. The PSTN infrastructure of today limits the video conferencing to one-on one, point-to-point sessions. Networks with downstream bandwidth rates as the Satellite based networks can provide the required capabilities for multi user simultaneous sessions where the downstream data combines several sites participating in the conference.

Corporate Applications
A major application for businesses is the extension of their Intranet or corporate network to all of their subsidiaries. With satellite, all subsidiaries in the spot beam of the satellite have instant access to the database at their headquarters. Some typical examples are :News agencies for distribution of high resolution images,

Distance Learning
Access to remote site containing educational oriented data as electronic library, lectures etc. can be achieved by students anywhere in the Satellite coverage area. The content can be transmitted via the high-speed satellite channel either individually to each student or simultaneously to sub groups on a multicast like system

Internet Service Providers

ISPs are companies that provide a range of IP based services including Internet access and related connectivity, web hosting, data warehousing and targeted information services. ISPs can effectively use satellite communication to provide fast Internet access to subscribers or businesses, which are out of reach of DSL or cable modem providers. One of the services taking advantage of the satellites broadcast nature is Webcasting, where Video or Audio signals such as news, interviews, or reports are broadcast over the Internet.

Orbits
Typically Three known Orbits are existing Orbit type Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Altitude 700 (km )------ GMPCS Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) 10,000(Km) ---------- GMPCS Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) 36,000 ( km ) --------- FSS / BSS

Satellites Needed For Global Coverage LEO,s 40 + ( Iridium, Globalstar ) MEO,s 10 to 15 ( IcoGlobal ) GEO,s 3 to 4 (1) ( Intelsat Eutelsat ,Panamsat Thaicom and Newskies )

Types of Band
C-Band The frequency range between 3700 MHz to 4200 Ext C-Band The frequency range between 4.2 GHz to 6.8GHz Ext C-Band is an Improved version of C-band Ku Band The frequency range from 10.7 GHz to 12.75 Ku-band requires smaller receiving antenna thus has become the most popular method of broadcasting Ka -Band The frequency range between 18 GHz to 24 GHz Ka Band operates on a very High Frequency and is generally being used by Army and remote sensing organizations

Satellites Connecting ISP network

Terrestia link

S e r v e r s

Major satellite with foot prints over India

Intelsat
Insat Panamsat Asiasat Thaicom Eutelsat Singtel Loral Cyberstar Newskies

Top Five satellite system Operators as of year end 2000

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 Operator Intelsat PanAmSat GE American Comm Eutelsat New Skies Capacity 1,229 846 594 498 257

Benefits of using Satellite communication

Ease of Implementation Availability

Reliability
Network Management Recovery Security Scalability Flexibility Lower Cost

VSAT BASED CLOSE USER GROUP (CUG)

VSAT technology is appropriate for any organisation with centralised management and data processing. To minimise overall cost of the complete network The shared hub :- Allows the use of low cost remote VSAT terminals and optimises use of satellite capacity.

Three different transmission schemes are used for interactive hubbed VSAT networks:
PAMA TDMA DAMA(Demand Assigned SCPC)

Shared Hub Networks

To make VSAT networks more affordable it is possible to share the hub between several users, thereby spreading the cost. In this case the hub is usually owned by a service provider who retains overall control of the network and who manages the hub itself. Each user, however, is allocated his own time slots or carriers and can so operate his own private network using the shared hub facility without any loss of privacy.

Typical VSAT Network

Hub Station The hub station is usually a relatively large, high performance earth station with an antenna diameter of anything between 6 and 9m. The hub consists of a network control centre which manages the network as well as IDE (Indoor electronics) ODE (antenna + front end RFT,) for the transmission and reception of signals.

Interactive VSAT Networks All the established interactive hubbed VSAT systems use TDM/TDMA access as the primary access technique (having continous mode on outbounds and burst Mode on inbounds).

The principle characteristics of an interactive VSAT network are Remote user sites have several low bit rate data terminal equipments (DTEs) operating at 1.2 to 9.6 kb/s. These are connected through the VSAT network to a centralised host processor. The DTEs are connected to the host through an X.25 Packet The amount of data transferred in each transaction is relatively small, typically between 300 and 105 bits A large number of VSAT terminals (10 to 10000) share the same communications link using random access. Connections between remote VSAT terminals require a double hop through the hub and are rarely used.

The commercial geostationary communication satellite industry 1999 No. of geostationary operators No of satellites in operation**
No. of 36MHz equivalent transponders

2000 46 233 6531

2009* 50 240 12000

43 212 5981

* forecast ** for all kind of services Digital Broadcasting Services ,Digital Audio Broadcasting ,Fixed Satellite Services and Mobile Satellite Services .

Major corporates using Satellites Online Trading

National Stock Exchange Bombay Stock Exchange Delhi Stock Exchange OTCEA Corporates ONGC BPCL HPCL
Defence Agencies (Remote Sensing)

Banking Sector ATMs, Instant Money Transfer ,anywhere Banking etc. Education Institutions :- NCERT,UGC IGNOU etc, Cable Operators

VSAT/Satellite Service Providers

HCL Comnet Hughes Telecom Telstra V-Com Bharti BT Comsat Max HFCL ITI Essel Shyam

SATELLITE AND FIBER COMMUNICATIONS

Satellite and fiber play complementary roles in international networks.Fiber offers network builders practically unlimited bandwidth but limited geographic reach while satellites can provide limited bandwidth but essentially limitless reach.

Conclusion :
Growth in the use of satellite systems have led to forecast that global satellite capacity will grow in the next five years.This expansion is linked to the growth of the Internet , which is forecast to go from the current 320 million users doubling every year .

Thank You