?

-
-
?

,
, .




-
-
-
.


-

-

?
( ) ?
.
.

-
-
-
-

~ 3x
!! -
, Al 3x, (1.5 2) x
.

-
( , , )

!!
Al 10 x .

, :
- ( )
- ()
- e ( l )


-
-
.
, , ; L = 50 m.

~ 1.7 % C

F 235 N/mm2
( Y , REH )
max 490 N/mm2

2,1105 N/mm2

A, B, D, E

( )

F 490 N/mm2

max 590 N/mm2

2,1105 N/mm2 !!!
( , )
A, B, D, E

-
- .


( )
:

-
-

Lloyd`s Register of Shipping

(1760)
-

Ship Lists
Register Book

- Rules and Regulations for the Classification

of Ships

-
-
-
-
-

Bureau Veritas (BV),

Germanischer Lloyd (GL)
Det Norske Veritas (DNV),
American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)
Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK)

International Association of Classiffication Societes (IACS)

- ().



. :
L > 60 65 m
- ( )
( )

-
-
-

-
(, , )

I ,
II
III

- , ,

- SHIP DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION, SNAME

- SHIP CONSTRUCTION, D.J. Eyres

- ,


(Length)
LOA

LBP , LPP LWL

Rule length
(Lloyd`s length)
(Scantling length)
L = LBP
0.96 LWL < L < 0.97 LWL


B (Breadth)
D (Depth)
T (Draft)

(Camber)

(Sheer after / forward)

(Flare / Tumblehome)


(Plate elements, plating, shell)

- (Bottom)
- (Plate keel)
- (Inner bottom)
- (Bilge)
- (Side)
- (Sheerstrake)
- (Deck)
- (Bulkhead)


(Stiffeners, Beam elements)

:
-


(Stiffeners, Beam elements)

:
-
-
:
- ( )
- ( )



, (Girders)

(Plate floors, Bottom transverses)
(Web frames)
(Deck transverses)

, (Longitudunals)

(Floors, Ordinary floors)
(Frames, Ordinary frames)
(Deck beams, Ordinary deck beams)

L < 120 m
-

(10-17 %)

L > ~ 190 m

L > 120 m

- ABS:

540 mm (L = 50 m) 1000 mm (L = 270 m),

;
610 mm.

- LR:

< 1000 mm , 610 mm.



- ABS:

686 mm 1000 mm ,

3.05 - 4.57 m (10 -15 feet)
( 5.25 m)

- ABS:

- R:

300 600 mm ( 400 500 mm)

< 610 mm
610 686 mm

: 610 mm = 24 = 2 , .

( )

-
-

- 1/3
;
-
, ;
- , ;
- ...

-

(~ 2 h)

1.5 h
.

2 h , pod 30 o

-

(t1 t2 ) < t1 / 3 ; 3mm
5 (t1 t2 )

...