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 Fractures happen when outside forces are

applied to the bone. The bone cannot withstand the pressure and a fracture takes place.
Fractures are commonly caused by a fall,

strike from an object, or by twisting or bending of the bone.

There are three basic forms of greenstick fracture.

In the first a transverse fracture occurs in the cortex,

extends into the midportion of the bone and becomes oriented along the longitudinal axis of the bone without disrupting the opposite cortex. The second form is a torus or buckling fracture, caused by impaction. The third is a bow fracture in which the bone becomes curved along its longitudinal axis.

 Greenstick fractures cause pain at the injured area. The area may be swollen and either red or bruised. The movements of the affected part will be restricted and painful.

 The treatment depends on the angulations or the

bending angle of the fracture site.

Most often the affected area would be put inside a

cast for 3 weeks.

Most of the time there are no complications in

greenstick fractures, but in rare instances if the angles are not properly aligned, over growth of the bone tissues can occur at the site of the fracture.

 This type of fracture is caused by a twisting

force. It is also called torsion fracture, in reference to the forces involved to create a spiral fracture. In X-ray images the fracture appear to be parallel to the bone axis and the shape of fractures is similar to a corkscrew.

 Sport injuries are the most common causes of

spiral fractures. Falling off the stairs also results into spiral fractures. The most common spiral fracture occurs while skiing, because skiers lock their feet into the ski boots and if the skier looses control the leg violently twists in one direction creating a spiral fracture.

 Spiral fractures are extraordinarily painful, and typically a person has to stop with any activities for at least several months.

 The spiral/helical shape of the fracture causes delay in the treatment process. The healing time also depends from where in the body the fracture has occurred. The fractured area has to be casted until it completely heals. In some cases surgery is required to put bones back to their place.

 Fracture in which the bone breaks and penetrates

through the skin (also called open fracture). Considered a more serious form of fracture. More likely to get infected because the bones are exposed. Usually caused due to high impact injuries, heavy falls, car crashes, etc.

 Compound fractures are extremely painful and require immediate treatment. They are risky because the bone that is exposed can be contaminated with dirt and debris and result in an infection.

 Immediate surgery is required to cleanse the area, prevent an infection and realign the bone. Treatment involves realignment of the ends of the fractured bones, and immobilization of the fracture. The treatment should assist the bone to recover completely in movement, strength, and sensitivity.

 The healing time varies according to the severity of

the fracture, and the health and age of the patient. Compound fractures take longer to heal due to the amount of injury to the bone and the surrounding tissue. The possibility of complications is high. The healing of the bone can be seen in about 6 weeks in adults, and earlier in children; however the healing process can take up to 2 years.