Gross Neuroanatomy: a

review for the practical

exam

J.Leonard Pascual, MD FPNA

PGH Neurosciences
1
Dura Mater Middle Meningeal Artery 2
B 1 A. Cranial Fossae
1. Anterior
2. Middle
3. Posterior

C B. Olfactory Nerve

2 C. Sella Turcica
D
D. Foramen Magnum

3 E. Tentorial Notch

3
Arachnoid Granulations4
 Arachnoid Mater

Pia Mater

Transverse Fissure 5
6
 Middle Frontal Gyrus Precentral Gyrus Inferior Frontal Gyrus
a. Pars Opercularis
b. Pars Triangularis
c. Pars Orbicularis

Sylvian Fissure

Operculum

7
CEREBRAL CORTEX

8
Frontal eye field
v
- Junction of precentral & superior frontal gyrus

Broca's
area

Wernicke's area
9
Central Sulcus

Precentral Gyrus

Postcentral Gyrus

10
1. Corpus callosum
1.1. Splenium
1.2. Genu
2. Cingulate gyrus
3. ACA
4. Optic nerve
5. Thalamus
6. Midbrain
7. Pons
8. Medulla
9. Cerebellum
9.1. Vermis

11
Quadrigeminal cistern
Superior colliculus
Optic chiasm
4th ventricle
PCA

Paracentral lobule
Septum pellucidum
Pineal gland
12
Mammillary bodies
Foramen of Monro ACA
Pineal gland Aqueduct of Sylvius
Posterior commissure Septum pellucidum 13
Caudate nucleus (head)
Thalamus 14
Dentate nucleus
Inferior cerebellar peduncle Middle cerebellar
peduncle
Olive Subthalamic nucleus
15
Hippocampus
Amygdala Lateral geniculate
Occipital horn nucleus
Globus pallidus Corona radiata
 Globus pallidus
Pulvinar Anterior commissure
Putamen Choroid plexus
Anterior vermis
Cerebellar hemisphere
4th ventricle
A. Corpus callosum
(genu)
B. Superior frontal gyrus B
C. Middle frontal gyrus
D. Inferior frontal gyrus
E. Gyrus rectus C

A D

E
 A

C
D B
F
G H

A. Corpus callosum E. ACA

B. Septum pellucidum F. Internal capsule
C. Caudate nucleus (head) G. Putamen
D. Frontal horn H. Insula
Superior sagittal
sinus
Internal carotid
artery
 A

C B
B

A. ACA B. Optic nerve C. Optic tract

 E
C

A. Anterior commissure
B. Optic tract E. Putamen
C. Globus pallidus F. Claustrum
D. External capsule G. Amygdala
Basal nucleus of Meynert
Anterior perforated
substance
 D B G
C A
E
A

A. Insular cortex E. Claustrum

B. Putamen F. Globus pallidus
C. Extreme capsule G. External capsule
D. Internal capsule H. Basal nucleus of 25
 m

Mammillary bodies
Mammillothalamic tract Temporal horn
Thalamus (anterior nucleus) Hippocampus
Optic tract Caudate nucleus (body) 26
 t
D E

G
F C
I

B
H
A. Inferior temporal gyrus
B. Middle temporal gyrus F. Globus pallidus interna
C. Superior temporal gyrus A G. Globus pallidus externa
Thalamus
D. (VL nucleus) H. Hippocampus
E. MCA I. Claustrum 27
 *

Optic chiasm
Optic tract
Optic nerve
3rd ventricle (*) 28
 B

A
D

A. Subthalamic nucleus
B. Paracentral lobule D. Mammillary bodies
C. Cingulate gyrus E. Optic tract 29
 D
A

E
B
C

A. Fornix
B. Red nucleus
C. Substantia nigra
D. Cerebral peduncle
E. Lateral geniculate nucleus 30
 B

C C

A. Massa intermedia
B. Fornix
C. Hippocampus 31
 C
F
B

E
A

A. Corona radiata
B. Internal capsule
C. Cerebral peduncle E. Putamen
D. Substantia nigra F. Caudate Nucleus 32
 B

C
E
D
D. PCA
A. Aqueduct of Sylvius A E. Pineal gland
B. Cingulate gyrus F. Splenium of
C. Pulvinar corpus callosum 33
 Occipital
Cortex
Occipital Horn

Cerebellum
 precuneus

Parieto-occipital
sulcus

Cuneus
Line of
Gennari

Posterior
horn of LV

Medial occipitotemporal
gyrus
 Caudate
(Head)
Putamen

Anterior
commisure
Globus
pallidus
Internal
capsule
Thalamus

Posterior
commisure

Habenula
Amygdala

Hippocamp
us
Hypoglossal
nucleus 4th
ventricle Inferior Cerebellar
Peduncle

Olivary Nucleus

Pyramid
 Ventricular System

Cavities filled with

CSF within the brain
parenchyma
Choroid plexi along
the lining of the
ventricles produce
CSF
Ventricular System
Blood Supply
Circle of
Willis
• The ACA supplies the anterior and medial
portions of the brain
the MCA supplies the lateral and inferior
portions of the brain
small penetrating (lenticulostriate) arteries arise
from
• the Posterior Inferior
Cerebellar Artery
(PICA) arises from the
vertebral artery
• the Basilar artery:
– anterior inferior
cerebellar
– artery (AICA)
– superior cerebellar
artery
– posterior cerebral
artery
Venous Drainage
the venous
system is
as
important
as the
arterial
supply