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Teori VSEPR
Teori VSEPR
Teori VSEPR
Molecular Shape
Lewis structures tell us nothing about how atoms in a molecule are arranged in 3dimensional space.
Could you have predicted the arrangement of atoms on the right from just seeing its Lewis structure?
Huh?
Atoms in a molecule try to spread out from one another as much as possible to reduce the like charge repulsion between their outer electrons.
H H C H H
metana, CH4
You might think this is the farthest that the hydrogens can get away from each other
109.5
90
But if you think in 3 dimensions, this shape actually causes less repulsion between the bonding pairs of electrons
Molecules adopt a geometry (shape) that minimizes e e repulsions g this occurs when e- pairs are as far apart as possible.
Bentuk Geometri
Contoh VSEPR
Contoh VSEPR
Contoh VSEPR
Catatan:
Lone pairs take up more space than bonding pairs and thus push atoms farther away from each other (decrease the predicted bond angles).
109.5
107
104.5
CH4
NH3
H2O
metana, CH4
109.5
H H C H H
90
ammonia
NH3
H N H H
..
mungkin banyak yang mengira bentuk NH3 adalah datar di tengah tapi PEB dari NH3 mendorong hidrogen menuju ke bawah
H H C H H
.. H N H
H
.. H O .. H
109.5
107
104.5
VSEPR Notation
Also known as AXE notation A= central atom X = # of atoms bonded to central atom E = # of lone pair electrons on central atom
VSEPR Notation
In AXE notation, the X and the E may have a subscript after them to tell how many. Example: H2O
Has 2 atoms bonded to central atom Has 2 lone pairs on central atom Its AXE notation is AX2E2
H C H H H
N H H H
Review
If two atoms share electrons, but dont share them equally, we call it a polar covalent bond
Electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom One end of the molecule develops a partial negative charge because it has a higher electron density
Momen Dipol
A molecule such as H-Cl that has an area of partial positive charge and an area of partial negative charge is said to have a dipole moment
The dipolar character is represented by an arrow pointing toward the (-) end of the molecule
Dipole Moments
ALL diatomic molecules with a polar bond have a dipole moment
Ex. H-Cl
SOME polyatomic molecules with polar bonds have a dipole moment Ex. water (does); carbon dioxide (does NOT) It depends on the molecular geometry!!!
Cara Memisahkan.....
Melarutkan dengan yang Sejenis
Molekul polar dilarutkan dalam larutan polar Molekul nonpolar dilarutkan dalam larutan nonpolar Larutan polar dan nonpolar solutions tidak akan bereaksi
Contohnya : Air (polar) dan minyak (nonpolar)