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Capstone Design - Robotics: Historical Development of Robotics
Capstone Design - Robotics: Historical Development of Robotics
Outline
What is a Robot? Why use Robots? Robot History
Robot Applications
What is a robot?
Definition: (no precise definition yet)
Websters Dictionary
An automatic device that performs functions ordinarily ascribed to human beings washing machine = robot?
What is a robot?
Hollywoods imagination
3PO
R2-D2
Star Wars
What is a robot?
By general agreement, a robot is:
A programmable machine that imitates the actions or appearance of an intelligent creatureusually a human.
Types of Robots
Robot Manipulators
Mobile Manipulators
Types of Robots
Locomotion
Aerial Robots
Legged robots
Humanoid
http://www.laas.fr/~matthieu/robots/
4A tasks
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Pre-History of Robots
Automata: a machine or control mechanism designed to follow automatically a predetermined sequence of operations or respond to encoded instructions
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Automata
Europe
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Automata
Asia
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Robot History
1961
George C. Devol obtains the first U.S. robot patent, No. 2,998,237. Joe Engelberger formed Unimation and was the first to market robots First production version Unimate industrial robot is installed in a die-casting machine
1962
Unimation, Inc. was formed, (Unimation stood for "Universal Automation")
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Robot History
The patent and industrial robot
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Robot History
What an industrial robot must have?
1968
Unimation takes its first multi-robot order from General Motors.
1966-1972
"Shakey," the first intelligent mobile robot system was built at Stanford Research Institute, California.
City College of New York
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Robot History
Shakey (Stanford Research Institute) the first mobile robot to be operated using AI techniques Simple tasks to solve: To recognize an object using vision Find its way to the object Perform some action on the object (for example, to push it over)
http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/book98/fig.ch2/p027.html
City College of New York
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Shakey
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Robot History
1969
Robot vision, for mobile robot guidance, is demonstrated at the Stanford Research Institute. Unimate robots assemble Chevrolet Vega automobile bodies for General Motors.
1970
General Motors becomes the first company to use machine vision in an industrial application The Consight system is installed at a foundry in St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada.
City College of New York
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1973-1979
Stanford Cart Equipped with stereo vision. Take pictures from several different angles The computer gauged the distance between the cart and obstacles in its path
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http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/users/hpm/
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Robot History
1978
The first PUMA (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly) robot is developed by Unimation for General Motors.
1981
IBM enters the robotics field with its 7535 and 7565 Manufacturing Systems.
1983
Westinghouse Electric Corporation bought Unimation, Inc., which became part of its factory automation enterprise. Westinghouse later sold Unimation to Staubli of Switzerland.
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Research focus on
Manipulator control End-effector design
Compliance device Dexterity robot hand
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Field robots
Military applications Space exploration
Service robots
Cleaning robots Medical robots
Entertainment robots
City College of New York
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Field Robots
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Field Robots
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Service robots
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The start of AI
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Humanoid
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Robot Applications
Manufacture Industry
Assembling Automation
Biotechnology
Micro/Nano manipulation Sample Handling Automated Analysis
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Robot Applications
Military Applications
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Military Applications
DARPA Programs:
(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)
Robot Applications
Fire Fighting, Search and Rescue
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Robot Applications
Space Robotics:
NASA/DARPA Robonaut project: a humanoid robot that can function as an astronaut landed on Mars: Jan 3, and Jan 24, equivalent for spacewalks. Human operators 2004, and still alive, on Aug. 31! on earth can control the robots movements Website: from distance. Website: http://vesuvius.jsc.nasa.gov/er_er/html/robona http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/overview / ut/robonaut.html 41 City College of New York
Mars Exploration Rovers: Spirit and Opportunity --- twin robot geologists,
Robot Applications
Robots for Assistive Technology
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Robot Applications
Entertainment Industry
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Robot Applications
Entertainment Robots
Sony-Qrio
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Personal Robot?
http://www.personalrobots.com Just as the personal computer is used for automated information management even in households, robots can be used to execute domestic tasks. Manipulation of bits of information (PC) Manipulation of physical objects (PR)
City College of New York
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Previous Projects
Video Presenting
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Actuators: Electrical, Hydraulic, Pneumatic, Artificial Muscle Computation and controllers Sensors Communications User interface Power conversion unit
Environmental sensors
Motion planner
Controller
Mechanical Structure
Configuration sensor
City College of New York
47
Summary
Robotics--interdisciplinary research
Mechanical design Computer science and engineering Electrical engineering
Cognitive psychology, perception and neuroscience
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