Prestressed Concrete

Introduction

Classification of prestressed concrete

members

Externally and Internally Prestressed Members A member can be prestressed either by external reaction offered by rigid abutments or by tensioned tendon. The former method is called external prestressing and the later is called internal prestressing. In the external prestressing instead of providing a tendon from which the prestress can be applied, necessary prestressing force can be applied by compressing the members by jacking against abutments.

Linear or circular prestressing

The term circular prestressing is applied tb prestressing circular ike cylindrical tanks, silos and pipes. In this case the tendons are provided in the form of rings. tressing is a term applied to prestressing straight members like beams and slabs.

Pre-tensioning and posttensioning

In pre-tensioned members, the tendons are tensioned even before casting the concrete. One end of reinforcement (i e tendon) is secured to an abutment while the other end of the reinforcement is pulled by using jack and this end is then fixed to another abutment. The concrete is now poured. After the concrete has cured and hardened the ends of the reinforcement are released from the abutments. The reinforcement which tends to resume its original length wi11 compress the surrounding it by bond action.

A post tensioned member

A post-tensioned member is one in which the reinforcement is tensioned after he concrete has fully hardened The beam is first cast leaving ducts for placing the tendons. The ducts are made in a number of ways by leaving corrugated steel tube in the concrete by providing steel spirals, sheet metal tubing, rubber hose or any other duct forming unit in the form work. .

A post tensioned member

When the concrete has hardened and developed its strength, the tendon is passed through the duct. One end an anchor and is fixed to one end of the member. Now the other end of the tendon is pulled by a jack which is butting against the end of the member. The jack simultaneously pulls the tendon and compresses the concrete. After the tendon is subjected to the desired stress, this end of the tendon is also properly anchored to the concrete. To avoid crushing of concrete due to excessive bearing stress, a distribution plate is provided at each end

Losses of Prestress
Loss of prestress during the tensioning process Loss of prestress at the anchoring stage Losses occurring subsequently.