VLSI

Very Large Scale Integration

 Integration of (mathematical expression) dx

Integration of (Transistors and complex logic

gates)

1940

Transistors invented in Bell Laboratory

1950

First IC (JK-FF by Jack Kilby at TI)

1960

Early 60s Small Scale Integration (SSI) 10 transistors on a chip Medium Scale Integration (MSI) 100s of transistors on a chip

1970

Early 70s Large Scale Integration (LSI)1000s of transistor on a chip

1980

Early 80s VLSI 10,000s of transistors on a chip (later 100,000s & now 1,000,000s)

1989

Ultra LSI is sometimes used for 1,000,000s

Generations Of VLSI
Era Single transistor Unit Logic (one gate) Multi-function Complex Function Date 1959 1960 1962 1964 Complexity (Number of logic blocks/chip) Less than 1 1 2-4 5-20

Medium Scale Integration

Large Scale Integration Very Large Scale Integration Ultra Large Scale Integration

1967
1972 1978 1989

20-200
200-2000 2000-20000 20000-?

Design Flow

System Specification
Functional Design

Behavioral representation

Functional Verification Logic Design

Logical representation

Logic Verification Circuit Design

Circuit representation

Circuit Verification Physical Design

Layout representation

Layout Verification Fabrication and Testing

Task

Sub-task

Sub-task

Sub-tasks

Sub-tasks

Sub-tasks

Sub-tasks

Design Hierarchy

The 4-bit adder

Simplified form to a single BIT

Concepts Of VLSI Design

VLSI Design Styles

Field programmable gate array (FPGA) Gate Array Design Standard-cells based design Full custom design

The Intel 486 Microprocessor is an example of Full-custom design.

VLSI in Today's world

VLSI in Communication

VLSI has enabled us to use portable media tools like radio, mobile phones & PDA

Recently INDIA launched its PSLV polar satellite launch vehicle .This was only possible due to VLSI.

VLSI in Computers
VLSI Design system was used in the Intel 80286 processor from 1978. All modern computers use either VLSI or its advanced versions like the ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration). This has reduced the size of computers & these days we have palmtops

Future of VLSI

Emergence of GSI (Giga-Scale Integration) and TSI (Tera-Scale Intgration)

Use of Carbon Nano-Tubes ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) & Wafer Scale Integration and more developed versions of SoC (System on Chip).

Moores Law

After every 24 months the number of transistors on a IC doubles for minimum component cost.

Gordon Moore

CONCLUSION

The vast development in the VLSI design system and its successor the ULSI will lead to a rapid growth in the electronics field.