The early part of the century saw a concern for improved efficiency through careful design of work.

During the middle part of the century emphasis shifted to the avaibility of managerial personnel & employee productivity. Recent decades have focused on the demand for technical personnel ,responses to new legislations & govt regulations, increased concerns for quality of working life , TQM & reward emphasize on productivity.

Evolution of the concept of Human Resource Management The commodity concept The of production concept The paternalistic concept The humanitarian concept The human resource concept The emerging concept

Labour was regarded as a commodity to be bought & sold. Wages were based on demand & supply. Government did very little to protect workers.

Labour is like any other factor of production , money , material, land etc. Workers are like machine tools.

Welfare measures life safety, first aid ,lunch rooms, rest rooms will have positive impact on workers productivity.

Management must assumes a fatherly & productive attitude towards employees. Paternalism does not mean merely providing benefits but it means satisfying various needs of the employees as parents meets the requirement of the children.

To improve productivity ,physical ,social needs of workers must be met . The organisation is a social system that has both economic & social dimensions.

Employees are the most valuable assets of an organisation. There should be conscious effort to realize organizational goals by satisfying need & aspirations of employees.

Employees should be accepted as partners in the process of a company. They should have a feeling that the organisation is their own. To this end, managers must offer better quality of working life & offer opportunities to people to exploit their potential fully. The focus should be on HRD.

The industrial revolutionDuring this period machines were brought in :technological made rapid progress, jobs were more fragmented where did only a small portion of total job: and specialization increased speed & efficiency but left workers with dull, boring & monotonous jobs.

To improve efficiency & speed F W Taylor advocated scientific management. Scientific management is nothing but a systematic analysis & break down of work into a small mechanical elements & rearranging them into their most efficient combination.

Workers joined hands to protect against exploitative tendencies of employers & the productive ,unfair labour practices through unions.

It is recognized that each employee is unique & highly complex individuals with different wants ,needs & values. what motivate employee may not motivate another and being happy & feeling good may have little or no impact on the productivity of employees.

Most people can exercise a great deal more self direction, self control & creativity than are required in current job. The manager basic job is to use untapped human potential in service of the organisation. The manager should create healthy environment wherein subordinates can contribute to the best of their practices.

The environment should be & convenient to work. Self direction ,self control will lead to direct improvement in operating efficiency., The subordinate must encourage fully to participate in in all important matters.