Famine

By:Augustina iman Nastea Gargalc

When was the first time when we realised the problem? Past Present Future/solutions

famine memorial,Dublin

The first to observe the problem

The problem was first highlighted by Thomas Malthus, a British economist in 1798. Malthus said that human population grows at a geometric or exponential rate, i.e. 1->2->4->8>16->32 etc, whereas food supplies, at best, only increases at an arithmetic rate, i.e. 1->2->3->4->5 etc. (Show in diagram). This theory highlights a major problem: population will expand greater than food supplies, and mass starvation would prevail.

Famines in past
During the 20th century, an estimated 70 million people died from famines across the world, of whom an estimated 30 million died during the famine of 195861 in China. The other most notable famines of the century included the 19421945 disaster in Bengal, famines in China in 1928 and 1942, and a sequence of famines in the Soviet Union, including the Holodomor, Stalin's famine inflicted on Ukraine in 193233. A few of the great famines of the late 20th century were: the Biafran famine in the 1960s, the disaster in Cambodia in the 1970s, the Ethiopian famine of 198385 and the North Korean famine of the 1990s(scholars estimte 600,000 died of starvation,other estimates range from 200.000 to 3,5 milion.)

Other examples..

17th century

19th century

1693-1694 famine in France killed 2milion people 1695-1697 Greate famine of Estonia killed about a fofth of the Estonian population(70.000-75.000 people)

Four fames-in 1810,1811,1846 and 1849-in China claimed nearly 45 million lives 1845-1848 The Great Irish Famine killed more than 1 million people
1891-1892 famine in Russia caused 375,000 to 500,000 deaths

18th century

1702-1704 famine in Deccan,India killed 2 milion people 1708-1711 famine in East Prussi killed 250,000 people,or 41% of the population

*great irish famine And others

Present

In the Asian, African and Latin American countries, well over 500 million people are living in what the World Bank has called "absolute poverty" Every year 15 million children die of hunger One in twelve people worldwide is malnourished, including 160 million children under the age of 5. The Indian subcontinent has nearly half the world's hungry people. Africa and the rest of Asia together have approximately 40%, and the remaining hungry people are found in Latin America and other parts of the world. Nearly one in four people, 1.3 billion - a majority of humanity - live on less than $1 per day, while the world's 358 billionaires have assets exceeding the combined annual incomes of countries with 45 percent of the world's people. UNICEF 3 billion people in the world today struggle to survive on US$2/day. In the U.S. hunger and race are related. In 1991 46% of African-American children were chronically hungry, and 40% of Latino children were chronically hungry compared to 16% of white children. One out of every eight children under the age of twelve in the U.S. goes to bed hungry every night. Half of all children under five years of age in South Asia and one third of those in sub-Saharan Africa are malnourished. Malnutrition is implicated in more than half of all child deaths worldwide - a proportion unmatched by any infectious disease since the Black Death About 183 million children weigh less than they should for their age To satisfy the world's sanitation and food requirements would cost only US$13 billion- what the people of the United States and the European Union spend on perfume each year. Every 3.6 seconds someone dies of hunger It is estimated that some 800 million people in the world suffer from hunger and malnutrition, about 100 times as many as those who actually die from it each year.

Future
The problem of world hunger, particularly chronic persistent hunger, can be solved - even within our lifetimes. This area outlines some of the many ways that hunger can be solved, from distribution techniques to education. Example,solutions:

- Distribution - World debt cancellation - Peace negotiations - Education - Technology's part - Government involvement

How hunger can be solved: Education

Education of people, particularly women, has been proven to help solve the problem of chronic persistent hunger.

Women learn about the reproductive system

People can also be educated about how to use farming machinery more efficiently or be trained how for jobs in factories. These aspects of education, not only help the person benefiting directly from it, but also help to develop the economy, brightening the country's future.