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Conjunction Notes: Presented By: Nur Amanina Azhari Raudhah Ramlan
Conjunction Notes: Presented By: Nur Amanina Azhari Raudhah Ramlan
Table of content
1. Definition of conjunction 2. Types of conjunction 3. Aspects of conjunction - Forms - Functions - Positions
1. Definition of conjunction
2. Types of conjunction
There are 3 kinds of conjunctions.
1. Coordinating 2. Correlative 3. Subordinating
1. Coordinating Conjunctions:
is a single connecting word.
Example
WORD TO WORD Most children like cookies AND milk. PHRASES TO PHRASES The gold is hidden at the beach OR at the lakeside. CLAUSES TO CLAUSES What you say AND what you do are two different things.
Coordinating conjunctions usually form looser connections than other conjunctions do.
EXAMPLES Marge was late for work , AND she received cut in pay. ( VERY LOOSE ) Marge was late for work. SO she received a cut in pay. ( LOOSE ) BECAUSE Marge was late for work. She received a cut in pay. ( the subordinate conjunction BECAUSE creates a tighten link between two ideas. )
[between]
[beginning]
EXAMPLES :
WORDS : COOKIES AND MILK PHRASES : AT THE BEACH OR BY THE LAKESIDE SUBORDINATE CLAUSES : WHAT YOU SAY AND WHAT YOU DO
A coordinating conjunction joining three or more words, phrases, or subordinate clauses creates a series and requires commas between the elements
.
EXAMPLES :
Words : peanut, cookies AND milk Phrases : in the mountains, at the
A coordinating conjunction joining two independent clauses creates a compound sentence and requires a comma before the coordinating conjunction
EXAMPLES :
Tom ate all the peanuts SO Phil ate the cookies I dont care for the beach BUT I enjoy good vacation in the mountains
Example of Words:
Pete and Terry are good friends. (Nouns) Did you speak with him or her? (Pronouns) The dog growled and barked at me. (Verbs) The box was long and narrow. (Adjectives) She spoke softly yet urgently. (Adverbs)
Group of Words:
He looked on the chair and under the chair. (Prepositional phrases) Katy began the job but did not finish. (Complete predicates) You should remove the bread from the oven, or it will burn. (Sentences)
2.
Correlative Conjunctions: are pairs of conjunctions. Correlative conjunctions also connect words or groups of words.
These pairs of conjunctions require equal (parallel) structures after each one.
Example of Words:
Both the temperature and the humidity were high yesterday. (Nouns) That coat is neither warm nor comfortable. (Adjectives)
Group of Words:
3. Subordinating Conjunctions: cannot stand alone as a sentence. They begin a clause that cannot stand alone and joins it to a clause that can stand alone. A clause is a group of words with a subject and verb.
Example: The fans were quiet while the golfer putted. Although I prefer peaches, I also like strawberries.
Subordinating conjunctions also join two clauses together, but in doing so, they make one clause dependent (or "subordinate") upon the other.
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION
RELATIVE ADVERB
Since
As a conjunction since means from the past time when. Where have you been since I last saw you? It is one week since we arrived here. I have never seen him since I left that city.
When used as a conjunction in this sense, since is usually preceded by a verb in the present perfect tense, and followed by a verb in the past tense. The conjunction since can also mean as. Since we have no money, we cant buy anything. (= As we have no money, we cant buy anything.)
Notes
Or
The conjunction nor is still used, though it is not very common. Its most common use is in the correlative pair neither-nor.
Nor
The conjunction if means on the condition that, supposing that and similar ideas.
If you want to go, I will you take you. If it rains, we shall not go. If can also mean when or whenever. If I do not wear my spectacles, I get a headache.
If
The conjunction that can be used to express a reason or cause. It is equivalent to because. He was annoyed that he was contradicted. (= He was annoyed because he was contradicted.) That may also express a purpose. It is equivalent to in order that. We sow that we may reap.
That
Definition:
Interjections
A short utterance that usually expresses emotion and is capable of standing alone. Interjections are generally considered one of the traditional parts of speech.
In writing, an interjection is typically followed by an exclamation point.
interjection
meaning
expressing pleasure
example
"Ah, that feels good." "Ah, now I understand." "Ah well, it can't be heped." "Ah! I've won!"
ah
alas
dear
eh
expressing enquiry
eh
"Eh! Really?"
er hello, hullo
expressing hesitation
"Lima is the capital of...er...Peru." "Hello John. How are you today?" "Hello! My car's gone!"
expressing greeting
expressing surprise
hey hi
hmm
oh, o
expressing pain
expressing pleading
ouch
uh
uh-huh um, umm
expressing surprise
"Well I never!"
well
introducing a "Well, what did he say?" remark
ah
er
hello dear
eh
hmm oh uh-huh
um
1. " Ah that feels good" 2. " Alas, she's dead now" 3. " Oh Dear ! Does it hurt ?" 4. "What do you think of that, eh ?" 5. "Lima is the capital of.... er....Peru" 6. " Hello John, How are you today ?" 7. " hmm, I'm not so sure" 8. " Oh , please say 'yes' !" 9. " Well, what did he say " 10. " 85 divided by 5 is... um...17" 11. "Shall we go ? " "Uh-huh " 12. " ouch ! That hurts !"
Answers
1. " Ah that feels good" 2. " Alas, she's dead now" 3. " Oh Dear ! Does it hurt ?" 4. "What do you think of that, eh ?" 5. "Lima is the capital of.... er....Peru" 6. " Hello John, How are you today ?" 7. " hmm, I'm not so sure" 8. " Oh , please say 'yes' !" 9. " Well, what did he say " 10. " 85 divided by 5 is... um...17" 11. "Shall we go ? " "Uh-huh " 12. " ouch ! That hurts !"