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Pricing Policy in Marketing: Presented by
Pricing Policy in Marketing: Presented by
Pricing Policy in Marketing: Presented by
Presented by:
Rohit Ranganathan
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Copyright 2001 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Agenda
Price competition and value pricing
Pricing
Pricing is one of the most important elements of the marketing mix, as it is the only mix, which generates a turnover for the organisation. Pricing is difficult and must reflect supply and demand relationship. Pricing a product too high or too low could mean a loss of sales for the organisation. (e.g. Honda Civic Hybrid)
Pricing Factors
Pricing should take into account the following factors:
Fixed and variable costs. Competition Company objectives Proposed positioning strategies. Target group and willingness to pay.
Pricing Strategy
How does a company decide what price to charge for its products and services? Some firms have to decide what to charge different customers and in different situations (e.g. car dealer) They must decide whether discounts are to be offered, to whom, when, and for what reason (e.g. frequent flyer)
With value pricing, firms strive for more benefits at lower costs to
consumer. (Metro Cash-n-Carry) In non-price competition, a seller has stable prices and stresses other
Loyalty Card)
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Non-price Competition
Some firms feel price is the main competitive tool; customers always want low prices (e.g. Big Bazaar) Other firms are looking for ways to add value, thereby being able to avoid low prices (Apple) Sometimes prices have to be changed in response to competitive actions (e.g. Low Cost Airlines)
Many firms would prefer to engage in non-price competition by building brand equity and relationships with customers (e.g. Kingfisher)
Relationship Pricing
Uses price as a method to build long-term relationships with the best customers (IT Companies)
SELECT METHOD OF DETERMINING THE BASE PRICE: Cost-plus pricing Price based on both demand and costs Price set in relation to market alone
DESIGN APPROPRIATE STRATEGIES: Price vs. non-price competition Skimming vs. penetration Discounts and allowances Freight payments One price vs. flexible price Psychological pricing Leader pricing Everyday low vs. high-low pricing Resale price maintenance
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Market-Penetration Pricing: Setting a low initial price for a new product. Works if large market, elastic demand Economies of scale are possible Fierce competition (e.g. TATA DOCOMO)
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Seasonal Discounts (e.g. Shoppers Stop Season Sale) Promotional Discounts (e.g. launch of a new product / service) (Aircel launch in Mumbai)
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Price discrimination: The use of different prices for different customers. It is illegal if a price advantage is granted to one, but not another, where both compete and the articles are similar. (Car Dealers)
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Psychology of Pricing
The psychology of pricing suggests that price will convey a message about the product or service being sold
leader pricing bait pricing prestige pricing
Price lining involves setting prices at a small number of fixed levels within a retail store
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