Review of TCM

Welcome to Xiamen university

 TCM has over 4000 years history.
 With the development, more and more patient
accepted the TCM as the therapeutic methods
for diseases.
 It become the more and more popular in the
whole world.
 Every year, lots of students come to Xiamen
University for studying the knowledge of TCM.
 If you have interesting in TCM, welcome to
Xiamen University.
 The theory of Yin and Yang
Water and fire act as the symbols of Yin
and Yang.
Relationship between Yin and Yang
l.The unity and opposition
2.Interdependence
3.Transformation
 The Five Elements
 Five Zang organs have close relation to
five elements
2. Liver-wood
3. Heart-fire
4. Spleen-earth
5. Lung-metal
6. Kidney-water
The normal relationships of
generation and retraction (saling
tarik menarik)
The disruption of over-restriction
(overmaster) and counter-
restriction(rebel)
The theory of Zang-Fu organs
 According to the theory of Zang-Fu organs,
the names of the Zang-Fu organs
correspond to those of the modern human
anatomy and refer to the substantial internal
organs.
 However, in the physiology and pathology,
the knowledge of TCM differs greatly from
that of modern medicine.
 Functions of five Zang organs
 heart  Lung
2. Govern the blood 2. Control respiration
vessels
3. Govern Qi
3. Dominate mental
activities 4. Function of
 liver dispersing
5. Discharge and 5. Function of
freely-flowing descending
6. Store blood
 spleen  kidney
 The spleen controls 2. store essence
transporting and 3. regulate water
transforming food metabolism
and water. 4. receive Qi
 To transport the body 5. dominate
fluid.
growth,
 To ascend clear development
essence. and
 To control blood. reproduction
 Process
Food digest chyme further digested bile
stomach small intestine gallbladder

Clear(essence) nourish whole body

Turbid residues of water and food
 waste water kidney ， urinary bladder urine
 residues of food large intestine feces

excreted
 The theory of Qi, blood and
body fluids
 Qi is the basic matter for maintaining the life
activities, which can be seen by eyes.
 Four types of Qi in our body.
 Five functions of Qi
4. Propelling action
5. Warming action
6. Defending action
7. Containment action
8. Production and transformation action
 Disorder of Qi
1. Deficiency of Qi
2. Prolapse of Qi
3. Stagnation of Qi
4. Adverse flow of Qi
 Disorder of blood

1. Deficiency of blood
2. Stagnation of blood
3. Blood heat
 Etiology

mainly includes
Exogenous factors
Endogenous factors
Certain-case factors
 pathogenesis

1. The struggle between the health

Qi and the pathogenic factors,
2. The imbalance between Yin and
Yang.
 The eight principle syndromes
1. the classification of syndromes——Yin
or Yang;
2. the location of disease——exterior or
interior;
3. the nature of disease——cold or heat;
4. the states of health Qi and pathogenic
factors——deficiency or excess
Exterior syndrome indicates the exterior
parts of body is affected by exogenous
pathogenic factors and the disease is in its
primary stage and relatively mild.
Interior syndrome indicates the disease is in
the interior parts of the body.
Heat and cold syndrome reflect the states of
Yin and Yang in the body.
Deficiency syndrome chiefly
denotes to insufficiency of health
Qi.
Excess syndrome denotes to
excess of pathogenic factors.
Yin and Yang is a pair of principle
used to summarize the other three
pairs of principle and are also the
key principles in the eight
principles.
 Pulse examination
 Slow pulse Indicates Cold syndrome.
 Rapid pulse Indicates Heat syndrome.
 Superficial pulse Indicates exterior syndrome.
 Deep pulse Indicates Interior syndrome.
 Vacuity pulse Indicates deficiency syndrome.
 Repletion pulse Indicates excess syndrome.
 Color

1. Pale tongue-deficiency syndrome

2. Red tongue- heat syndrome
3. Crimson tongue- heat syndrome
4. Purple tongue- stagnation of Qi
and blood
 Form
Enlargement tongue
Swollen red tongue
Thin and small tongue
Fissured tongue
Prickled tongue
 The bearing of the tongue
1. Flaccid tongue- deficiency of Qi and blood
2. Stiff tongue-Seen in case of apoplexy
3. Wagging tongue- excessive heat
4. Trembling tongue-Deficiency of both Qi and
blood.
5. Wry tongue- apoplexy
6. Contraction tongue- severe damage to Yin
fluid
7. Numbness tongue- blood deficiency
 Color of tongue coat

1. White-exterior syndrome
2. Yellow- heat syndrome
3. Grey - interior syndrome
4. Black - interior syndrome
 The form of tongue coat
1. Glossy-dampness
2. Dry- damage of body fluid
3. Thick- the pathogen is entering more interior, the
case more severe
4. Thin-minor case with the pathogen in the
exterior.
5. Greasy- retardation of damp
6. Dreggy- accumulation of phlegm-damp
7. Peeling- deficiency of stomach Qi and Yin
 Therapeutic methods in TCM
diaphoresis ——exterior syndrome
emesis ——excess syndrome
purgation ——excess syndrome
resolution ——excess syndrome
reinforcing —— deficiency
syndrome
warming ——cold syndrome
heat-cleaning ——heat syndrome
mediation ——half-exterior and
half-interior
 Traditional Chinese Medical
Prescriptions
 King Herb
 Minister Herb
 Assistant herb
 Guide herb