WELCOME TO

Instructor

Carol Jean Cox

Introduction Overview
Geography defined Concepts of Location Globes, Maps & Map Basics Geographic Grid

GEOGRAPHY Geo = earth graphy = to scribe, draw, or map

GEOGRAPHY
the science of location the study of spatial relationships, (context &interconnectedness)
an integrated science that uses knowledge from many disciplines

DIVISIONS OF GEOGRAPHY

THE WORLD OF GEOGRAPHY

CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY Human Cultures Urban Geography Economic Geography

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Earth Sciences Bio-geography Weather & Climate

TECHNOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY Geographic Information Systems Quantatative Geography Remote Sensing

TOPICAL VS. REGIONAL APPROACH TO STUDYING GEOGRAPHY

Topical or Thematic Studies
climate vegetation landforms hydrology plate tectonics soils

Regional Studies
North America Africa East Asia USA California Sacramento region

California Geography
Geography: The study of where things are. California: A political unit with distinct boundaries, and territory California Geography: the study of the location of, context and interaction of phenomenon within the state of California

Northern Hemisphere

Arctic Ocean & North America

Pacific Ocean

Pacific Rim

Western North America

Introduction Overview
Geography defined Concepts of Location Globes, Maps & Map Basics Geographic Grid

LOCATION
Relative Location
location relative to other locations situation

Exact Location
geographic grid site (38 N 120 W)
latitude & longitude

Place Names
labels for locations

Introduction Overview
Geography defined Concepts of Location Globes, Maps & Map Basics Geographic Grid California Overview

GLOBES & MAPS

Globe: a spherical model of the earth that maintains area, shape distance & direction

Map: a flat representation of a globe that allows distortion

MAP BASICS

Maps may show Shape of objects Area of objects Distance to Objects Direction

MAP BASICS
Maps must include Title Legend or Key Compass Rose Scale

SCALE
Scale: the relationship between units on the map and actual distance on the ground
Written Scale: one inch equals one mile

Linear Scale: |---------|---------|----------|

Ratio Scale: 1:63,360

Introduction Overview
Geography defined Concepts of Location Globes, Maps & Map Basics Geographic Grid

GEOGRAPHIC GRID A system of measurements from reference points that allow us to locate places

Latitude

GEOGRAPHIC GRID
REFERENCE POINTS Equator - A great circle that divides the globe into two equal halves or hemispheres of north and south. Located at 0 latitude
North and South Poles - located at right angles or 90 from the plane of the equator.

GEOGRAPHIC GRID
REFERENCE POINTS Prime Meridian: The meridian, designated as 0 E, W longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England. International Date Line: An arc that follows 180 longitude E,W. When crossing the date line, the calendar is turned forward or backward one day, depending on direction of travel.

Latitude angular measurement north or south of the equator

Latitude

Longitudeangular measurement Latitude east or west of England

Meridians are arcs used to indicate longitude Parallels are circular lines used to indicate latitude

Introduction Overview
Geography defined Concepts of Location Globes, Maps & Map Basics Geographic Grid

Instructor

Carol Jean Cox