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    Anne Cameron
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    This document provides a brief history of Jewish scriptures including the Septuagint and Talmud. It discusses how the Septuagint was a Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures started in the 3rd century BCE in Alexandria in response to the need to translate the Torah into a common language and respond to curious Greek speakers. It notes some translation difficulties but how the Septuagint became an important part of early world literature and significance for Christianity. The document also introduces the Talmud as continuing Jewish scriptural interpretation including the Mishnah, Gemara, and other commentaries and traditions that comprise Torah beyond just the written Torah.

    Original Description:

    Fourth class from Pelikan's book--- Septuagint and the Talmud.

    Original Title

    #4.Whose Bible is It 03

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    This document provides a brief history of Jewish scriptures including the Septuagint and Talmud. It discusses how the Septuagint was a Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures started in the 3rd century BCE in Alexandria in response to the need to translate the Torah into a common language and respond to curious Greek speakers. It notes some translation difficulties but how the Septuagint became an important part of early world literature and significance for Christianity. The document also introduces the Talmud as continuing Jewish scriptural interpretation including the Mishnah, Gemara, and other commentaries and traditions that comprise Torah beyond just the written Torah.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    105 views27 pages

    A Short History of The Scriptures

    Uploaded by

    Anne Cameron
    This document provides a brief history of Jewish scriptures including the Septuagint and Talmud. It discusses how the Septuagint was a Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures started in the 3rd century BCE in Alexandria in response to the need to translate the Torah into a common language and respond to curious Greek speakers. It notes some translation difficulties but how the Septuagint became an important part of early world literature and significance for Christianity. The document also introduces the Talmud as continuing Jewish scriptural interpretation including the Mishnah, Gemara, and other commentaries and traditions that comprise Torah beyond just the written Torah.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 27

    A Short History of the Scriptures

    The Septuagint
    And the
    Talmud
    Talmud
    The Jewish Diaspora

    In Judaism, the nation and the religion were


    one of a piece.
    586  Judah conquered by Babylonia;
    Jerusalem and First Temple destroyed; Jews
    exiled to Babylonia.
    536-142  PERSIAN AND HELLENISTIC PERIODS
    538-515 Jews return from Babylonia; Temple
    rebuilt
    332 Land conquered by Alexander the Great;
    Hellenistic rule.
    166-160 Maccabean (Hasmonean) revolt
    against restrictions on practice of Judaism
    and desecration of the Temple
    142-129 Jewish autonomy under Hasmoneans.
    63 Jerusalem captured by Roman general,
    Pompey
    63 BCE-313 CE ROMAN RULE
    37BCE - 4CE Herod, Roman rules Israel;
    Temple in Jerusalem refurbished
    20-23 Ministry of Jesus
    66 Jewish revolt against the Romans
    70 Destruction of Jerusalem and Second
    Temple.
    132-135 Bar Kokhba uprising against Rome.
    210 Codification of Jewish oral law (Mishnah)
    completed.
    Keeping the Language of Faith

    “When you lose the language,


    you lose the faith!”

    A need to translate Torah


    into a common language

    A need to respond to curious Greek


    speaking Gentiles
    The Septuagint

    LXX

    “The Seventy”
    Koine Greek
    translated in
    stages
    3rd and
    1st centuries BCE

    Alexandria
    Problems with the Septuagint

     Cannot translate Hebrew into Greek word for


    word.
     Translation difficulties become apparent in
    key interpretive passages:

     “the young woman is with child and about to


    give birth to a son” (Hebrew)
     “the virgin (parthenos) is with child” (Greek)
    Septuagint became a part of world literature
    early on.

    Contrast to Qu’ran

    Judaism became a world religion.


    Christian Significance
     Septuagint became THE Hebrew
    Bible for Christian scholars
     Very few Christian scholars

    knew ancient Hebrew


     Not until about 1200 did Christianity begin to
    look at the Hebrew text of the Hebrew Bible
     Even today, LXX helps scholars translate the
    New Testament
     LXX is a separate Hebrew text tradition from
    the Masoretic text (used mostly today)
    Many of the oldest Biblical verses among
    the Dead Sea Scrolls, particularly those in
    Aramaic, correspond more closely with the
    LXX than with the Masoretic text (most of
    these variations are extremely minor)
    The Talmud

    Continuing Revelation
    Scripture Tradition

    Reason Experience
    Judaism

    Torah beyond Torah


    Apocrypha (several Hebrew books)
    Gemara
    Haggadah (narrative interpretation)
    Halakhah (interpretation of the Law)
    Kabbalah (mystical systems)
    Midrash (comment with addition)
    Mishnah (sayings of the fathers)
    Talmud (detailed commentary)
    Targum (Aramaic translation)
    Tosefta (narrative texts)
    Apocrypha
     Greek Name
     Books in Tanakh
     See Appendix I
     See where Protestant and Catholic canon
    diverges
    Talmud

    35 volumes (in English)

    This is a picture of the Hebrew Talmud!


    Obedience and Intellectual Activity
    Jesus says, “Do your homework!”
    And that includes reading my Word!
    Christ and the New Testament

    For next week:


    Read Pelikan 5 & 6

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