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Developmentofocclusion
Developmentofocclusion
Development of Occlusion
Pre-dentate period
Period from birth to eruption of first deciduous teeth Alveolar arches of infant called gum pads The gum pads: the alveolar processes at birth pink, firm and covered with fibrous periosteum Divided into 10 segments by transverse/ lateral grooves Lateral Sulci: prominent lateral grooves between deciduous canine and deciduous first molar Develop in 2 parts: Labial portion (Differentiates first) Lingual portion (Differentiates later) These 2 portions separated by dental groove- site of origin of dental lamina
Horse shoe shaped Consists of: Gingival groove Dental groove Lateral sulcus (canine and deciduous molar segments)
Dental groove
Gingival groove
Mandibular gumpads
U shaped with labially everted anterior portion Also consists of: Gingival groove Dental groove Lateral sulcus
Molar Segment
Relationship of Gumpads
At rest, gumpads separated by tongue over lower gum pad Variable overjet with contact only at molar segment Lateral sulcus of lower is distal to upper At function: Mainly vertical No lateral movement Very little in antero-posterior plane In early foetal development, mandibular protrusion present which is gradually reversed At birth, lower jaw situated posteriorly
Relationship of Gumpads
At birth, width is inadequate to accommodate all incisors Growth of gum pads is rapid in first year More in transverse and in labio-lingual direction Each segment becomes prominent & prepare for eruption Eruption commences at 6 months of age
General features Both dental arches are half round/ovoid No curve of spee Shallow cuspal digitation Slight overjet/overbite Vertical incisors Spacing is normal/ No crowding
often spaced.
2. The overbite is usually greater. 3. Significant primate spaces (the spaces distal to the lower canine and mesial to the upper canine) 4. The distal edges of the upper and lower primary molars may be flush, mesial or distal step.
Spaced dentition: Considered good as the spaces can be utilized for adjustment of permanent teeth 2 types: Primate space/Simian/Anthropoid space Physiologic space/Development space
Primate Spaces
between upper lateral and canine between lower canine and first deciduous molar
Total space varies from 0-8 mm, average 4mm in maxillary arch Total space varies from 1-7 mm, average 3mm in mandibular arch
Overbite: Vertical overlap, minimal to about 2 mm Overjet: Horizontal overlap, range 2-6 mm, average 1-2 mm at 2yrs 4mm decreases with age upto 5 yrs Canine relation: most stable class I class II Arch dimensions Arch circumference Arch length Bicanine diameter Arch width Bimolar diameter Arch height
Submerged Teeth
Ankylosed Teeth
Natal teeth
Natal Teeth
Natal teeth already present at the time of birth; neonatal teeth erupt during the first 30 days after birth Generally develop on the lower arch where the central incisors will be. Have little root structure and are attached to the margin of the gingiva by soft tissue Because of their placement, they may cause irritation and trauma to the infant's tongue May cause pain/irritation to mother while feeding If the tooth is loose,the child runs a risk of aspiration
Pre-dentate: retrognathic mandible anterior open bite infantile swallow pattern Primary dentition: anterior deep bite FTP Spacing
Mixed dentition: anterior deep bite lower anterior crowding ugly duckling stage end-on relation Permanent dentition: overjet and overbite
Infantile Swallow