Teacher asked general question to the student about the topic.

Demonstration of diffusion phenomena by using perfume and dye Teacher lets student to try the demonstration

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At the end of the lesson a students should be able to: Describe the particulate nature of matter Define atoms, molecules and ions correctly State the kinetic theory of matter correctly Relate the change in the state of matter to the change in heat Relate the change in heat to the change in kinetic of particles Explain the inter-conversion of the states of matter in terms of kinetic theory of matter correctly
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ATOM ION MOLECULE DIFFUSION

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MATTER
Anything that occupies space and has mass Example: oil Made up of tiny and discrete particles There are spaces between these particles These particles may be atoms, molecules or ions Exist in three states: solid, gas and liquid
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ATOM
Smallest particle of an element that can participate in chemical reaction Example: Carbon

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MOLECULE
Group of two or more atoms which are chemically bonded together It can be elements or compounds

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ION
Positively charged or negatively charged particles Example: sodium chloride, NaCl (salt)

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DIFFUSION
Occurs when particles of a substance more in between the particles of another substance Example: diffusion of bromine gas

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The arrangement and movement of particles in solid, liquids and gases

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State Diagram

Solid

Liquid

Gases

Particles arrangement

The particles are packed closely together in an orderly manner The particles can only vibrate and rotate about their fixed position

The particles are packed closely together but not in orderly arrangement The particles can vibrate, rotate and move throughout the liquid. They collide again each other. Strong forces but weaker than the forces in the solid Cannot be compress easily medium Fixed volume, but take the shape of container

The particles are very far apart from each other and in random motion The particle can vibrate, rotate and move freely. The rate of collision is greater the rate of collision in liquid. Weaker forces between the particle Can be compress easily High Does not have a fixed shape and volume

Movement types

Attractive force

Strong forces between the particles Cannot be compress low fixed

Compression Kinetic energy Volume and shape

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a) Melting

Solid becomes a liquid Melting point is the temperature at which melting occur
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Solid in heated, heat energy is absorbed. Particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster The temperature remain constant because the heat energy absorbed by the particles is used to overcome the force between particles. So that, the solid can turns into liquid. - melting point - both liquid and solid are present The particle in liquid absorb heat energy and move faster. All become liquid

C D

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b) Freezing

Liquid changes into a solid Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing occur
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The particles in the liquid loose their kinetics energy. They more slower as the temperature decrease. Liquid naphthalene begin to freeze. Its temperature remain constant because the heat lost to the surrounding is exactly balance by the heat energy liberated as the particles attract one another to form a solid. The solid is cooled the particles in the solid vibrate slower as the temperature decrease
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D =

C =

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All the answers below are types of particles EXCEPT A. Ion B. Proton C. Atom D. Molecule
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Which is the wrong paired

A. Matter - anything occupies space and has mass B. Kinetic theory the arrangement and movement of particles in solids, liquid, and gases C. Ion group of two or more atoms which are chemically bonded together D. Change of state caused by heating or cooling
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Choose the right answer from the picture above A. Gas B. Solid C. Liquid D. Atom
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Choose the suitable answer that explain about characteristics of liquid A. Does not have fixed shape and volume B. The particles are very far apart from each other and in random motion C. Cannot be compressed easily D. The are strong force between the particles

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SOLID

LIQUID

What type of the process above? A. Freezing B. Sublimation C. Evaporation D. Melting

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What will happen in the cooling process? A. The particles in the molecule can only vibrate, rotate and move more freely B. Attractive force increase between the molecule C. The product will be compressed easily D. Attractive force decrease between the molecule
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What type of process that occur when we spray out perfume to the surrounding? A. B. C. D. Melting Condensation Diffusion Evaporation

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These particles may be atoms, molecules or ions

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NORAZIMAH MOHAMAD TARMIZI D20041018606 SAINS (KIMIA)

NORLIANA ABDUL RAZAK D20041018622 SAINS (KIMIA)

NORSHAHIDA ZULKIPLI D20041018628 SAINS (KIMIA)

NORLIZA NORADIN D20041018625 SAINS (KIMIA)

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Ion is the positively charged or negatively charged particles

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The particles arrangement in gas are very far apart from each other and in random motion

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Liquid cannot be compress easily

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Melting is the process where solid becomes a liquid

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Cooling process : liquid changes into a solid and have strong forces between the particles

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Diffusion occurs when particles of a substance more in between the particles of another substance

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