By: Ajit Rathee 2k7-MRCE-ECE-069

1G 2G 3G 4G

AMPS(Advanced Mobile Phone System)

TACS(Total Access Communication System) ETACS(Extended Total Access Communication System)

Digitized not only the control link but also voice signal The new system provided better quality and higher capacity at lower cost to consumers

GSM(Global System For Mobile Communication) CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)

TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)

These promise faster communication services ,including voice, fax and internet,anytime and anywhere with seamless global roaming.

3G is not very cheap but it is worthwhile for the users who need connectivity on the move. Since 3G is a packet based technology therefore user is charged for amount of data transferred. 3G network is available on the move, unlike wi-fi, which is limited to only a few meters.

The IP address is based on IPv6. IPv4: X.X.X.X example: 216.37.129.9 IPv6: 4 IPv4
(32 bits)

(128 bits)

example:
216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120
home address care-of address mobile IP address local network address

HAPS

Satellite

Wireline or Wireless Networks (Internet) Services

GSM

Care-of Add. IP Add. Mobile

UMTS Content

WLAN

Bluetooth

ADSL

Home Add.
TDMA FDD WCDMA TDCDMA

Care-of Add.
OFDM TDD

OFDM

Unspecified

Direct Sequence Frequency Hopping

Very wide area

Wide area

Metropolitan area

Local area

Personal area

4G networks are all-IP (Internet Protocol) based heterogeneous networks

This will allow users to: Select any system at any time and any where Use Multiple systems at the same time (e.g. GPS and WLANs and CDMA) A wide range of applications using only one 4G integrated terminal

Support interactive multimedia services: teleconferencing, wireless Internet, etc.

Wider bandwidths, higher bit rates.

Global mobility and service portability.

Low cost.

Scalability of mobile networks (>10 times the capacity

of 3G).

A single physical terminal with multiple interfaces to access the different wireless networks Advantages: Improve call completion Expand coverage area Reliable coverage in case of network, link or switch failure Disadvantages: Complexity in the hardware of the device Handoff Mechanism: Performed by the user, device or network

3G (including 2.5G)

4G

Major Requirement Driving Architecture

Network Architecture Speeds Frequency Band

Predominantly voice driven data was always add on

Wide area cell-based 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps Dependent on country or continent (1800-2400 MHz)

Converged data and voice over IP

Hybrid - Integration of Wireless LAN (WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)

Bandwidth
Switching Design Basis Access Technologies Forward Error Correction

5-20 MHz
Circuit and Packet W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge Convolution rate 1/2, 1/3

100 MHz (or more)

All digital with packetized voice OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier CDMA) Concatenated coding scheme

Component Design

Optimized antenna design, multi-band adapters

A number of air link protocols, including IP 5.0

multi-band adapters Smarter Antennas, software multiband and wideband radios

All IP (IP6.0)

IP

From : www.mobileinfo.com

THANK YOU

QUERIES?