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Observation by Muhammad Mujtaba
Observation by Muhammad Mujtaba
Observation by Muhammad Mujtaba
Prepared By
Engr.Muhammad Mujtaba Asad
Checking in
What do you think? Answer YES or NO to each of the following 1. Observation involves seeing and listening 2. People may behave differently when they know they are being observed so it is better not to tell them 3. Structured observations provide more accurate and useful information 4. As long as you see it, it doesnt matter if you record what you saw 5. You, as someone who knows the program and the participants, are best suited to conduct the observations 6. The same principles of sampling apply to observation as to other forms of data collection Check your answers at the end
Observation
Involves all 5 senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste
Observations
Advantages Most direct measure of behavior Provides direct information Easy to complete, saves time Can be used in natural or experimental settings Disadvantages May require training Observers presence may create artificial situation Potential for bias Potential to overlook meaningful aspects Potential for misinterpretation Difficult to analyze
Types of observation
Structured
Looking for
Sometimes we have something specific we want to observe leadership skills; level of participation; etc. We use a structured, preset guide of what to observe or a checklist.
Unstructured
Looking at
Sometimes we want to see what is naturally occurring or exists without predetermined ideas. We use have an open-ended approach to observation and record all that we observe
Observing what does not happen may be as important as observing what does happen.
Structured observation guide used for pre and post program evaluation
Practice your observation skills everyday in everyway! And, add observation to your data collection toolbox.
4. As long as you see it, it doesnt matter if you record what you saw NO you must record your observations to have evidence of it existing
5. You, as someone who knows the program and the participants, are best suited to conduct the observations NO various people might be well suited, though training may be necessary 6. The same principles of sampling apply to observation as to other forms of data collection YES