WHAT IS GOING ON IN VIETNAM?

Randy Barker IRRI Nov 15, 2013

Chart 1: LAND REFORM IN ASIA

JAPAN 1945 following World War II
TAIWAN 1953 land to the tiller CHINA 1977 decollectivization of agriculture

VIETNAM 1985- 87 doi moi and 1987 land law

decollectivization

DOI MOI: 1980s and 1990s

Policy changes and paddy production, 1975-2002

35000 30000
Land Law 1987 Land Law 1993

Contract farming

Thousand tons

25000
20000

15000
Doi Moi

10000
5000 0 1975 1980

1985

1990

Liberalization of markets

1995

2000

Years

Water Law 1998

MANAGING THE WATER IN THE MEKONG DELTA 1990s 2000s

VIETNAM RICE EXPORTS 1990-2012

8000
7000

6000

5000

(000 MT)

4000

3000

2000

1000

0 Source : USDA

Year

Mekong Delta 1975

Dykes and pumps in Mekong Delta

Mekong: conflict over fresh vs. brackish water

Fresh water

My Phuoc (1994) Cai Trau (1994)

Thanh Tri (1995)

Bac Lieu province

Cau Sap (1996) Bach Nguu (2000) Vinh My (1997) Pho Sinh (1998) Chu Chi (1997) Ca Mau (2000) Lang Tram (1998)

Saline water

Vietnam value of exports of rice and seafood, 1994-2001

1994 1998 1999

Rice 429 1024 1025

2000
638

2001
588

Seafood
Value in US$ million

551

858

971

1475

1800

CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE: Part 1

LAND REFORM 2003 land law, farm size the State owns the land RICE EXPORTS power of the state owned enterprises (SOEs)

Chart 5: Percent labor force in agriculture and the percent of agriculture in GDP, Vietnam, 1982 to 2011.

Chart 6: Trends in the percentage of the labor force in agriculture and the percentage of agriculture in GDP from 1960 to 2008 for (a) Taiwan, and (b) the Philippines.

RICE BASED FARMING SYSTEMS

We know that farmers cannot get rich by rice. But market/price/farm to market are not yet in place. The value chain is particularly bad. It favors the traders at the expense of the farmers interest and livelihood. T. P. Tuong October 2013 commenting on the situation in Vietnam.

WHICH COUNTRY HAS THE HIGHEST YIELD PER HECTARE?

I

INDONESIA PHILIPPINES THAILAND VIETNAM

Rice yield per hectare

60 Indonesia Thousands Philippines 50 Thailand Viet Nam 40

30

Hg/Ha

20

10

Year

CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE Part 2

HYDROPOWER impact of dams
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

rising sea level

Map 2: Mekong river

Map 3: Each dot represents location of a hydropower dam

Chart 6. Competition among users and uses

China Myanmar Thailand

Hydro-power Flood control Urban-industry

Laos

Agriculture

Cambodia Vietnam

Fisheries Environment

Mega-river deltas of Asia

50% of rice production growth in last 25 years came from delta countries

Chart 7. Profile of three Asia rice-growing deltas

Parameters
Yield (t/ha) Cropping intensity (%) Gross Value ($/crop/ha)

GangesAyeyarwady, Brahmaputra, Myanmar Bangladesh

2.1 3.8

Mekong, Vietnam
5.3

120
590

150
710

200
1,500

Land (ha/capita)

0.23

0.06

0.07

Source: Social Sciences Division, IRRI, survey data, 2010