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    Syl Log Isms

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    Oscar Frizzi
    The document defines and provides examples of syllogisms and the laws of syllogism. A syllogism uses premises to logically deduce a conclusion. The laws of syllogism include: law of syllogism, which allows deducing a conclusion if two premises link two statements; law of detachment, which allows deducing the consequent if the antecedent and conditional statement are true; and law of contrapositive, which allows deducing the negation of the antecedent if the negation of the consequent is true. Examples demonstrate applying each law to deduce valid conclusions from conditional statements.

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    Syl Log Isms

    Uploaded by

    Oscar Frizzi
    15 views45 pages
    The document defines and provides examples of syllogisms and the laws of syllogism. A syllogism uses premises to logically deduce a conclusion. The laws of syllogism include: law of syllogism, which allows deducing a conclusion if two premises link two statements; law of detachment, which allows deducing the consequent if the antecedent and conditional statement are true; and law of contrapositive, which allows deducing the negation of the antecedent if the negation of the consequent is true. Examples demonstrate applying each law to deduce valid conclusions from conditional statements.

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    Syl Log Isms

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    The document defines and provides examples of syllogisms and the laws of syllogism. A syllogism uses premises to logically deduce a conclusion. The laws of syllogism include: law of syllogism, which allows deducing a conclusion if two premises link two statements; law of detachment, which allows deducing the consequent if the antecedent and conditional statement are true; and law of contrapositive, which allows deducing the negation of the antecedent if the negation of the consequent is true. Examples demonstrate applying each law to deduce valid conclusions from conditional statements.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    15 views45 pages

    Syl Log Isms

    Uploaded by

    Oscar Frizzi
    The document defines and provides examples of syllogisms and the laws of syllogism. A syllogism uses premises to logically deduce a conclusion. The laws of syllogism include: law of syllogism, which allows deducing a conclusion if two premises link two statements; law of detachment, which allows deducing the consequent if the antecedent and conditional statement are true; and law of contrapositive, which allows deducing the negation of the antecedent if the negation of the consequent is true. Examples demonstrate applying each law to deduce valid conclusions from conditional statements.

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    of 45

    LOGIC:

    SYLLOGISMS

    Syllogism: A set of statements called premises, which lead to one logical conclusion.

    If the premises are true, (and we assume they are), then the conclusion must be true.

    (Note: This symbol means Therefore. It signals the conclusion.)

    Law of Syllogism

    pq qr _________ pr

    If a figure is a rectangle, then it is a parallelogram. If a figure is a parallelogram, then its diagonals bisect each other. __________________________

    If a figure is a rectangle, then it is a parallelogram. If a figure is a parallelogram, then its diagonals bisect each other. __________________________

    If a figure is a rectangle, then it is a parallelogram. If a figure is a parallelogram, then its diagonals bisect each other. __________________________

    If a figure is a rectangle, then it is a parallelogram. If a figure is a parallelogram, then its diagonals bisect. __________________________
    If a figure is a rectangle, then its diagonals bisect.

    Law of Detachment pq p ________ q

    If a figure is a rectangle, then it is a parallelogram. ABCD is a rectangle. __________________________

    If a figure is a rectangle, then it is a parallelogram. ABCD is a rectangle. __________________________

    If a figure is a rectangle, then it is a parallelogram. ABCD is a rectangle. __________________________

    ABCD is a parallelogram.

    Law of Contrapositive
    pq q ________ p

    If a figure is a rectangle, then it is a parallelogram. ABCD is not a parallelogram. __________________________

    If a figure is a rectangle, then it is a parallelogram. ABCD is not a parallelogram. __________________________

    If a figure is a rectangle, then it is a parallelogram. ABCD is not a parallelogram. __________________________

    ABCD is not a rectangle.

    Time to Practice:

    In the following examples, use the given law of syllogism to draw the correct conclusion from the set of premises.

    1. If frogs fly then toads talk.


    Frogs fly. -----------------------------

    Law of Detachment p q p _______ q

    1. If frogs fly then toads talk.


    Frogs fly. -----------------------------

    1. If frogs fly then toads talk.


    Frogs fly. -----------------------------

    Toads talk.

    2. If hens heckle then crows dont care.


    Crows care. -----------------------

    Law of Contrapositive
    pq q _______ p

    2. If hens heckle then crows dont care.


    Crows care. -----------------------

    2. If hens heckle then crows dont care.


    Crows care. ----------------------Hens dont heckle.

    3. If ants dont ask then flies dont fret. Ants dont ask. ----------------------------

    Law of Detachment p q p _______ q

    3. If ants dont ask then flies dont fret. Ants dont ask. ----------------------------

    3. If ants dont ask then flies dont fret. Ants dont ask. ---------------------------Flies dont fret.

    4. If Dave dives then Cal caves. If Cal caves then Hank hikes. -------------------------------------

    Law of Syllogism

    p q q r ______ p r

    4. If Dave dives then Cal caves. If Cal caves then Hank hikes. -------------------------------------

    4. If Dave dives then Cal caves. If Cal caves then Hank hikes. ------------------------------------If Dave dives then Hank hikes.

    5. If dogs duel then rats wrestle.


    Rats dont wrestle. -----------------------------

    Law of Contrapositive
    pq q _______ p

    5. If dogs duel then rats wrestle.


    Rats dont wrestle. -----------------------------

    5. If dogs duel then rats wrestle.


    Rats dont wrestle. ----------------------------Dogs dont duel.

    Why does this one work?

    Here are the premises: pq q _______

    Replace with contrapositive: pq q p q _______

    Replace with contrapositive:

    q p
    q

    _______

    Use Law of Detatchment:

    q p

    q _______ p

    Law of Contrapositive
    pq q _______ p

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