Model based schema

IVOA Registry videocon Gerard Lemson 1

2004/05/13-14
 UML to XSD binding
• Start with UML model
• Generate XMI from UML
• Define UML to XSD binding
• Implement binding as XSLT script
• Run script

IVOA Registry videocon Gerard Lemson 2

2004/05/13-14
 Sample UML
aas::A -f aas::F
-id : integer
aas -description : string
1 0..1

aas::B -c cees::C
-data : real -name : string
* 1

* -dees

cees::D
cees

cees::D1 cees::D2

IVOA Registry videocon Gerard Lemson 3

2004/05/13-14
 Mapping “methodology”
• Simple: as “1-1” as possible
• Preserve semantics
– Attributes owned by class
– Children in parent-child composition relation owned by
parent/container
• Focus on type definitions, complexType-s mainly
• Valid documents (global elements) defined with respect to,
but separate from the type definitions
• Default document: contains an element definition under
the root for each “root-entity-class”.
• Possibility of reuse of schema type definitions in different
special purpose document definitions.

IVOA Registry videocon Gerard Lemson 4

2004/05/13-14
 Mapping: packages
• Package -> (target)namespace, in own file
aas • Dependency -> import of dependent namespace and file

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="urn://xml.registry.gavo.org/aas"
elementFormDefault="qualified"
attributeFormDefault="unqualified" version="0.1"
xmlns:aas="urn://xml.domainmodel.gavo.org/aas"
xmlns:base="urn://xml.domainmodel.gavo.org/"
xmlns:cees="urn://xml.domainmodel.gavo.org/cees">
...
<xsd:import namespace="urn://xml.registry.gavo.org/cees"
cees schemaLocation="./cees.xsd" />

IVOA Registry videocon Gerard Lemson 5

2004/05/13-14
 Mapping Classes
aas::A • Every class -> globally defined complexType
-id : integer • isAbstract -> abstract=“true”
-description : string
• Attribute -> element of simplish-type, either built-in, or also generated

<xsd:complexType name="A" abstract="true">

<xsd:complexContent>
<xsd:extension base="base:DataObject">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="id" type="xsd:integer" />
<xsd:element name="description"
type="xsd:string"/>
aas::B
<xsd:element name="f" type="aas:F" minOccurs="0"/>
-data : real </xsd:sequence>
</xsd:extension>
</xsd:complexContent>
</xsd:complexType>

IVOA Registry videocon Gerard Lemson 6

2004/05/13-14
 Mapping Classes II
aas::A • Inheritance -> extension of base class
-id : integer
-description : string <xsd:complexType name="B">
<xsd:complexContent>
<xsd:extension base="aas:A">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="data" type="xsd:double" />
<xsd:element name="c" type="cees:CProxy" />
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:extension>
</xsd:complexContent>
</xsd:complexType>
aas::B
-data : real

IVOA Registry videocon Gerard Lemson 7

2004/05/13-14
 Mapping Associations I
• Parent-child relationship
cees::C
• Composition -> element of appropriate
-name : string
complexType

<xsd:complexType name="C">
<xsd:complexContent>
<xsd:extension base="base:DataObject">
<xsd:sequence>
* -dees <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd:element name="dees" type="cees:D"
cees::D minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:extension>
</xsd:complexContent>
</xsd:complexType>

IVOA Registry videocon Gerard Lemson 8

2004/05/13-14
 Mapping associations II
aas::A -f aas::F
-id : integer
-description : string
1 0..1

• “Owned references” -> element of appropriate type

<xsd:complexType name="A" abstract="true">
<xsd:complexContent>
<xsd:extension base="base:DataObject">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="id" type="xsd:integer" />
<xsd:element name="description" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd:element name="f" type="aas:F" minOccurs="0"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:extension>
</xsd:complexContent>
</xsd:complexType>

IVOA Registry videocon Gerard Lemson 9

2004/05/13-14
 Mapping associations III
aas::B -c cees::C
-data : real -name : string
* 1

• Problem: shared references (also aggregations), many-to-1/many relations

• Does one want to replicate elements that are shared ?
• Multiple B-s can reference same C.
• Solutions:
– Don‘t care, map ala composition, with cardinality maxOccurs=“0”
– Use ID/IDREF or KEY/KEYREF declarations. Requires the C to exist in same
document, possibly completely, i.e. containing all substructure.
– Use explicit “proxy ” element, for example using a GUID (IVOA identifier?), which
can/must be resolved before the referenced object can be obtained.
This is the most tricky thing I think about XML schemas, how to properly embed the
semantics of the shared association into a logical schema design.

IVOA Registry videocon Gerard Lemson 10

2004/05/13-14
 Default Document
• Root entity classes map also to an element in a document, but in a separate schema doc,
depending on the type defining schema documents.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<xsd:schema targetNamespace="urn://xml.registry.gavo.org/doc" ...
xmlns:doc="urn://xml.registry.gavo.org/doc"
xmlns:cees="urn://xml.registry.gavo.org/cees"
xmlns:aas="urn://xml.registry.gavo.org/aas">
<xsd:import namespace="urn://xml.registry.gavo.org/cees"
schemaLocation="./cees.xsd" />
<xsd:import namespace="urn://xml.registry.gavo.org/aas"
schemaLocation="./aas.xsd" />

<xsd:element name="sample">
<xsd:complexType><xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="c" type="cees:C" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded" />
<xsd:element name="a" type="aas:A" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
<xsd:element name="b" type="aas:B" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>

IVOA Registry videocon Gerard Lemson 11

2004/05/13-14
 Comments
• Single inheritance mapping, only extension, no substitutionGroup
Requires xsi:type construct (next slide) to indicate which precise class is
used.
• No element ref construct.
• No global elements for attributes and contained classes.
• Analogy to Java binding :
– Complex type <=> class
– Typed <element> declarations <=> Fields in class definition
– Default document <=> a main method using the classes.
– Global elements <=> variable declarations local to main method
• Can support a more involved special purpose document to/from the
“official” default registry document using XSLT scripts for example
(view concept).
• See also: http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2002/08/07/wxs_uml.html and
others
• Probably more …
IVOA Registry videocon Gerard Lemson 12
2004/05/13-14
 xsi:type
• xsi:type=‘’ construct from the
xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
in document required to indicate precise class:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<doc:sample xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:doc="urn://xml.registry.gavo.org/doc"
xmlns:cees="urn://xml.registry.gavo.org/cees">
<doc:c>
<name>a C</name>
<d xsi:type="cees:D1">
<name>a D1</name>
</d>
<d xsi:type="cees:D2">
<identifier>a D2</identifier>
</d>
</doc:c>
</doc:sample>

IVOA Registry videocon Gerard Lemson 13

2004/05/13-14