ChE 420

Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering

Materials Science and Engineering

Materials Science

Materials Engineering
Lecture 1 - Introduction 2

Categories of Materials

Metals
Polymers Ceramics Semiconductors Composites

nature of the interatomic bonding conductivity structure

Lecture 1 - Introduction

Metals and their alloys have systematically arranged atoms.

FCC (facecentered cubic) structure

Alloy is a mixture of a metal and two or more metals or nonmetals.

W. Callister Materials Science and Engineering 7th Ed., 2007 pp. 40-41
Lecture 1 - Introduction 4

Polymers are made up of several monomers in repeated manner formed by covalent bond.
linear branched

cross-linked

network

W. Callister Materials Science and Engineering 7th Ed., 2007 pp. 492, 502
Lecture 1 - Introduction 5

Ceramics are usually composed of metallic and nonmetallic materials bonded together by a combination of covalent, ionic and sometimes metallic.

W. Callister Materials Science and Engineering 7th Ed., 2007 p. 416

Lecture 1 - Introduction 6

Composites are made up of a combination of metals, ceramics and/or polymers to create a new material combining the best feature of each of the components. organic collagen (protein) Bone matrix

inorganic hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)

Lecture 1 - Introduction 7

W. Callister Materials Science and Engineering 7th Ed., 2007 p. 10

Synthetic composites Fiberglass

1. glass fibers
best features: relatively strong and stiff weakness: brittle 2. polymeric material (epoxy, polyester) best feature: ductile and flexible weakness: weak
W. Callister Materials Science and Engineering 7th Ed., 2007 p. 10
Lecture 1 - Introduction 8

Semiconductors are materials having electrical conductivity between that of a good conductor and an insulator. Best feature: electrical properties are extremely sensitive to presence of impurity atoms Good conductors: metals, metal alloys

Insulators: ceramics, polymers

W. Callister Materials Science and Engineering 7th Ed., 2007 p. 11
Lecture 1 - Introduction 9

Other important materials

Biomaterials are used as implants in human bodies to replace damaged body parts.

Composition: metals, ceramics, polymers, composites or semiconductors.

W. Callister Materials Science and Engineering 7th Ed., 2007 p. 11

Lecture 1 - Introduction 10

Other important materials Smart (or intelligent) materials have the ability to recognize changes and respond to these alterations in a predetermined manner. sensor recognizes the input changes
1. optical fibers
2. piezoelectric materials 3. MEMS (microelectromechanical devices)

actuator executes an adaptation to these changes

W. Callister Materials Science and Engineering 7th Ed., 2007 p. 11-12
Lecture 1 - Introduction

response

11

Materials used as actuators shape memory alloys piezoelectric ceramics

electrorheological/ magnetorheological fluids

Response returns to its original shape when there is a change in temperature responds to applied voltage by expansion and contraction which results to electric field generation application of electric and magnetic field alters the fluid viscosity has the same response as piezoelectric except that these respond to magnetic fields
Lecture 1 - Introduction 12

magnetostrictive materials

W. Callister Materials Science and Engineering 7th Ed., 2007 p. 12

Other important materials

Nanoengineered materials are constructed from its atomic-level and rearranging atoms to improve the mechanical, electrical and other properties.

SWNT (Single-walled nanotube) MWNT (Multiple-walled nanotube)

W. Callister Materials Science and Engineering 7th Ed., 2007 p. 12

Lecture 1 - Introduction 13