Midory Martnez Canto Rossenyth Ortiz Domnguez Ricardo Acosta Tenorio

Stone materials are natural materials or adapted by man. They are used

as a basis to make the component of a civil or architectural creation. This materials are obtained from rocks found as blocks, granules or fragments.

 Some of the stone materials are used

barely raw, some others don`t.

1.

Extraction: the rocks are pulled out of the crust, with machines or controlled explosions.

2.

Cut: Big stone blocks are crushed to give them a propper size.
Crushing: Equal pieces are gotten.

3.

4.
5. 6. 7.

Polish: The rocks are highly polished.

Finish: Irregularities are removed. Storage: The rocks are saved. Transportation: The rocks are carried to the factory.

 Electrical conductivity Thermal conductivity Density Dilation

 The melting point Fusibility The hygroscopicity Porosity

 Traction is the effort which is under a piece

by the action of two opposing forces that stretch. An effort of this kind always increases the length of the workpiece in the direction of the forces and, if severe enough, reduces its cross section and finally breaks it.

Compression is the stress at which a

piece is subjected by the action of opposing forces that crushed. An effort of this kind reduces the length of the workpiece in the direction of the forces and, if severe enough, increases its cross section and finally breaks it.

 Bending is the stress at which a piece is subjected by the action of forces which tend to bend it.

Torsion: The torsional stress to which it is subjected piece by the action of two forces which tend to twist, to deform about an axis. An effort of this kind always produces deformations in the piece and, if intense enough-you, eventually breaking it.

 Natural stone

The natural stone transform hardly used , as extracted from the quarry. created by solidification of magma. created by the accumulation of fragments des - seized of other rocks as a result of the weather. created from igneous or sedimen tary eruptive alike, due to high pressures and high temperatures in the lithosphere

Igneous or eruptive : have been

Sedimentary rocks : have been

Metamorphic rocks : have been

Granite Features It is a rock composed mainly of quartz, feldspar and mica. It is abundant in the earth's crust has different grain sizes and resists the action - on of the elements. Use : Coatings , flooring , baseboards , countertops, columns, stairs , etc.
Basalt

Features It is a rock composed . It is very abundant in the earth's crust , finegrained , dark color and resists the action of atmospheric agents . Use: paving , cladding , decoration , monuments , sculptures, etc.

GRANITE

BASALT

 Gravel

Obtained by natural or artificial fragmentation of other rocks , such as granite , limestone , basalt , quartz, etc. . Use: Overhead , burglary and soil drainage , concrete making , etc. .
Obtained by natural or artificial fragmentation of other rocks , such as quartz , gypsum, co - ral , feldspar , etc. . Is highly porous and can store a large amount of moisture . Making use of concrete and masonry.

Sandstone

GRAVEL

SANDSTONE

 Clay

It is created from the natural decomposition of rocks containing feldspar. Grain is tiny and the color depends on the impurities. In contact with water swells and becomes plastic, and has a great capacity to absorb . Use: Cement and ceramics.

Limestone It is a rock composed of calcite and impurities and acids attack it easily .

CLAY

LIMESTONE

 Slates

It's a rock that comes from metamorphosed clays . It is fine grained , resists the action of atmospheric agents and allows the division into thin plates . Use: Siding, mainly roofs.

Marble It's a rock that usually comes from the limestone , composed of calcite and impurities . It resists the action of atmospheric agents and presents a variety of colors and stains. Use: Sculpture , countertops, etc. .

SLATES

MARBLE

 Stony Transformed

The processed stone is obtained from natural stone . Ceramic characteristics are obtained from the clay , molding it , and then baking it in an oven at elevated temperatures, and in general , melting stone materials . They have a high melting point , are good thermal and electrical insulators , and resist the action of atmospheric agents .

 Porcelain

It is molded and dried before cooking at high temperatures , is waterproof, translucent and resists the action of atmospheric agents . Using: Medical Supplies , electrical industry , decoration , tableware , etc .

Porous They are permeable and have an earthy and rough when broken . Use: bricks , tiles , etc.

PORCELAIN

POROUS

 Stoneware

It is usually glazed and then fired at high temperatures , is waterproof and resistant to the action of atmospheric agents . Using: Medical Supplies , electrical, walls , etc .

Refractories
Withstands high temperatures without melting or deforming. Using: electroceramics use , etc.

STONEWARE

REFRACTORIES