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    Multiplexing in Optical Fiber Communication

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    meranaamjokeru2
    This document discusses multiplexing techniques used in optical fiber communication, focusing on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). It describes how WDM works by transmitting multiple optical signals at different wavelengths simultaneously over the same fiber. This increases data capacity and bandwidth. The key components of a WDM system include multiple lasers, a multiplexer to combine the signals, an optical fiber, amplifiers, and a demultiplexer to separate the signals at the receiver. Dense WDM systems can achieve transmission rates of terabits per second using hundreds of wavelengths spaced closely together.

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    Multiplexing in Optical Fiber Communication

    Uploaded by

    meranaamjokeru2
    25 views20 pages
    This document discusses multiplexing techniques used in optical fiber communication, focusing on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). It describes how WDM works by transmitting multiple optical signals at different wavelengths simultaneously over the same fiber. This increases data capacity and bandwidth. The key components of a WDM system include multiple lasers, a multiplexer to combine the signals, an optical fiber, amplifiers, and a demultiplexer to separate the signals at the receiver. Dense WDM systems can achieve transmission rates of terabits per second using hundreds of wavelengths spaced closely together.

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    This document discusses multiplexing techniques used in optical fiber communication, focusing on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). It describes how WDM works by transmitting multiple optical signals at different wavelengths simultaneously over the same fiber. This increases data capacity and bandwidth. The key components of a WDM system include multiple lasers, a multiplexer to combine the signals, an optical fiber, amplifiers, and a demultiplexer to separate the signals at the receiver. Dense WDM systems can achieve transmission rates of terabits per second using hundreds of wavelengths spaced closely together.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    25 views20 pages

    Multiplexing in Optical Fiber Communication

    Uploaded by

    meranaamjokeru2
    This document discusses multiplexing techniques used in optical fiber communication, focusing on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). It describes how WDM works by transmitting multiple optical signals at different wavelengths simultaneously over the same fiber. This increases data capacity and bandwidth. The key components of a WDM system include multiple lasers, a multiplexer to combine the signals, an optical fiber, amplifiers, and a demultiplexer to separate the signals at the receiver. Dense WDM systems can achieve transmission rates of terabits per second using hundreds of wavelengths spaced closely together.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Multiplexing In Optical Fiber Communication

    Multiplexing
    Multiplexing It is a process where multiple message signals or data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium. Types Time division multiplexing Frequency division multiplexing Optically Time division multiplexing Wavelength division multiplexing
    2

    Higher data rate. ; Low loss ; Longer distance Less weight/size ; Interference free Electrical isolation ; Security

    Option To Fulfill the demand

    Wavelength Division Multiplexing


    Multiple beams of light at different frequency Carried by optical fiber. A form of FDM Each color of light (wavelength) carries separate data channel 1997 Bell Labs

    100 beams Each at 10 Gbps Giving 1 terabit per second (1 Tbps)

    Commercial systems of 160 channels of 10 Gbps now available. Lab systems (Alcatel) 256 channels at 39.8 Gbps each

    10.1 Tbps Over 100km

    WDM Operation

    Same general architecture as other FDM Number of sources generating laser beams at different frequencies. Multiplexer consolidates sources for transmission over single fiber. Optical amplifiers amplify all wavelengths

    Typically tens of km apart

    Demux separates channels at the destination Mostly 1550nm wavelength range Previously 200MHz per channel Now 50GHz

    Overview
    DWDM Window
    O - band Wavelength 1280 1320 (nm) 1360 E - band 1400 1440 S - band 1480 1520 C - band 1552 1560 L - band 1600

    CWDM Window

    C Band Range : 1530nm 1560nm L Band Range : 1570nm 1600nm

    Fiber Characteristics

    Water Peak 1550 Window 1310 Window

    Time Division Multiplexing

    Wavelength Division Multiplexing

    Continued

    The WDM transmission is performed in 2nd & 3rd windows of the wavelength. Let we have a source of wavelength and spectral width, then BW of the WDM system is

    In 1310 nm range with spectral width 80 nm the available BW is 14 THz. In 1550 nm range with spectral width 120 nm the available BW is 30 THz.
    10

    Channel Spacing

    11

    Overview
    WDM Components
    1 850/1310 15xx 2 3 1...n

    Transponder Optical Multiplexer

    1 2 3 1...n

    1 2 3

    Optical De-multiplexer Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM)


    12

    Continued

    By using number of light sources and allotting some guard band between wavelength of two source, a good quality transmission can be done with WDM.
    Receivers

    DWDM Multiplexer Optical fibre

    Power Amp Transmitters

    Line Amp

    Line Amp

    Receive Preamp

    DWDM DeMultiplexer
    200 km
    13

    At transmitter, there are many independently modulated light sources. Each emitting at a unique wavelength. The Multiplexers are required to combine these optical signals and couple them onto a single fiber. Multiplexer should provide a low-loss path to each optical source to fiber. At the receiver a Demultiplexer is needed to separate the optical signals into appropriate detection channel.
    14

    Wavelength multiplexer types include


    Fiber Couplers Fiber gratings Grating Demultiplexer Tunable filter


    1 + 2
    1 2

    Wavelength demultiplexer types include


    Grin Rod Lens

    Fibres

    Grating Multiplexer Demultiplexe Grating r


    15

    GRIN lenses are short cylindrical lengths of glass with a graded refractive index. The index decreases with the square of the distance from the axis of the lens.

    In this they are very similar to graded index fibre but they are usually quite a lot thicker (1-2 mm)..
    GRIN lenses operate by internal refraction as light passes through material of varying refractive indices.

    16

    A diffraction grating is a device that reflects or refracts light by an amount varying according to the wavelength. It consists of a very closely spaced set of parallel lines or grooves made in a mirror surface of a solid material. A grating can be formed in almost any material where we vary the optical properties (such as refractive index) in a regular way with a period close to the wavelength. Reflective gratings are wavelength-selective filters. In optical communications they are used for splitting and/or combining optical signals in WDM systems

    17

    18

    WDM MUX/DMUX

    19

    Overview

    Two main types of WDM:


    Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

    Feature
    Wavelengths per fiber Wavelength spacing Wavelength capacity Aggregate fiber capacity Overall cost Applications

    CWDM
    8 16 2500GHz (20nm) Up to 2.5 Gbps 20 40 Gbps Low Enterprise, metro-access

    DWDM
    40 80 100 GHz (0.8nm) Up to 10 Gbps 100 1000 Gbps Medium Access, metro-core, regional
    20

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