The European Grape Vine Moth, (EGVM) Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermller, 1775, Tortricidae First U.S.

Report
by Richard Hoenisch Western Plant Diagnostic Network Dept of Plant Pathology UC Davis

Larva feeding in a grape berry & Botrytis in damaged cluster

photos Gobierno de Mendoza, Argentina

EGVM larva in grape flower cluster - note the beginning nest of webbing

Photo by Bolezni

The life cycle of Lobesia botrana

Five instar stages

Embryonic development in the egg

Newly hatched larva & a fifth instar larva

Images by J. Feytaud 1924

EGVM - Host Range

Blackberry Carnation Cherry Cucumber Currant Grape Kiwi Peach Olive Persimmon Plum Pomegranate
Potential range of Lobesia botrana in the continental U.S.

Rubus fruticosus Dianthus spp. Prunus avium Cucumis sativus Ribes rubrum Vitis vinifera Actinidia chinensis Prunus persica Olea europea Diospyros kaki Prunus domestica Punica granatum

Other hosts of EGVM in Europe

photo J.F. Gaffard

The Readers Digest

2001 Tony Morosco

Spurge Laurel
(Daphne gnidium)

Ivy Flowers

Black Currant

EGVM larvae feed on flowers and fruit, not the leaves

Earlier stages of European grapevine moth larvae, Lobesia botrana, are tan to yellow-brown (top). Later stages become dark colored (bottom) due to thinning of the cuticle

Photo by Jack Kelly Clark.

Hollowed out grape berry by EGVM larva leaving only the skin, seeds, and frass

Pupa of European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, exposed in its cocoon.

Photo by Jack Kelly Clark.

Biological life cycle of Lobesia botrana. This life cycle is for Northern Italy which is at approximately 42 to 44 North Latitude, while Napa is at 38N.

EGVM Historic Spread

1775 identified in Vienna by Denis & Schiffermller from samples from Puglia, southeastern Italy 1800 in northern Italy, then into Austria proper 1854 in Baden, Germany 1880 in Switzerland 1890 in France 2008 in Chile 2009 in California
Image by Crati

EGVM Look-Alikes

From: Grape Pest Management, Second Edition

EGVM Management
Know the life cycle of the EGVM Vineyard sanitation Pupae over winter under the bark Bacillus thuringiensis Spinosad group - Success & Entrust
(from Actinomycetes spinosa)

Spinotoram group - Delegate

(from Saccharopolyspora spinosa)

Intrepid (methoxyfenozide) (insect growth regulator) Pheromone dispensers may soon be available Pyrethroids Predators More to learn
Photo by Jack Kelly Clark

Spotted Wing Drosophila fka: Cherry Vinegar Fly Drosophila suzuki

Adult female (left) and adult male (right) Drosophila suzukii. In Japan they can reproduce up to 13 times a year
Photo by Martin Hauser

photo by Andr Karwath

Drosophila melanogaster

Spotted Wing Drosophila

(only the male flies of this species have this marking)

SWD Maggot

Spotted Wing Drosophila Damage

Photo by Martin Hauser

On Raspberry and on Cherry

SWD Range in North America California Oregon Washington British Columbia Florida Michigan

SWD Host Range

Apple Blueberry Cane Berries Cherry Grape Peach Persimmon Plum Strawberry

(Source: Oregon Department of Agriculture)

Signs of possible infestation include:

Spotted Drosophila male flies with a pale black spot at the leading edge of the wing . Small puncture wound on hanging fruit, where female drilled in to lay her eggs. Fruit softens on plant, starting at puncture scar.

Secondary decay can establish at this point.

Small pale maggots in intact fruit on the plant.

Management of SWD
Attractant Baits and Sprays Sanitation remove damaged and rotten fruit. Allow no mummies Floor Management Area Wide Management

Credits
UC-IPM EGVM article: Lucia G. Varela, UC Cooperative Extension and Statewide IPM Program Frank Zalom, Department of Entomology, UC Davis Monica Cooper, UC Cooperative Extension, Napa County, and Jack Kelly Clark for the photos UC-IPM SWD article: M. P. Bolda, UC Cooperative Extension, Santa Cruz County, W. W. Coates, UC Cooperative Extension, San Benito County, J. A. Grant, UC Cooperative Extension, San Joaquin County, F. G. Zalom, Entomology, UC Davis, R. Van Steenwyk, Insect Biology, UC Berkeley, J. Caprile, UC Cooperative Extension, Contra Costa Co & Alameda County M. L. Flint, UC IPM Program, UC Davis Oregon State University entomologists Amy Dreves and Vaugh Walton