CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY

OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTATION ON

STEAM BOILERS

INTRODUCTION
1. MATERIAL USED IN BOILER
Steel Wrought iron 2. FUEL USED IN BOILER Coal Wood Air Natural gas

Definition
It is a closed vessel in which the heat produced

by the combustion of fuel is transferred to water for its conversion into steam at the desired temperature and pressure. According to I.B.R., a boiler is a closed pressure vessel with capacity exceeding 22.75 liters used for generating steam under pressure. It includes all the mountings and accessories.

GAS FIRED WATER BOILER

CLASSIFICATION OF BOILER

Horizontal, vertical and inclined boiler Fire tube and water tube boilers Externally fired and internally fired boiler Forced circulation and natural circulation boilers High pressure, low pressure and medium pressure boiler Single tube and multi tube boilers Stationary and portable boiler

Factors affecting to the boiler:

Working pressure and quality of steam is

required. Steam generation rate Floor area available Accessibility for repair and inspection Initial cost Erection facilities

TYPES ACCORDING TO NEW TECHNOLOGY

1.Superheated steam boiler

Most boiler heat water until it boils, and then the steam is used at saturation temperature (i.e., saturated steam). This provides steam at much higher temperature, but can decrease the overall thermal efficiency of the steam generating plant due to the fact that the higher steam temperature requires a higher flue gas exhaust temperature.

 There are advantages to superheated steam and this may (and usually will) increase overall efficiency of both steam generation and its utilization considered together.

2. Hydronic Boiler
Hydronic boilers are used in generating heat for residential and industrial purposes.

 Hydronic systems are being used more and more in new construction in North America for several reasons. Among the reason is: They are more efficient and more economical than forced-air systems (although initial installation can be more expensive, because of the cost of the copper and aluminum).

3.Waterwall Boiler
All large and many intermediate-sized boilers are water-tube boiler with a boiler section that consists of closely-spaced water tubes covering the furnace wall.

(water wall boiler)

 The water wall boiler design allows much lighter. Less expensive walls by having the water walls form an integral part of the boiler wall.

(Top view of the water wall boiler)

DIFFERENT TYPES OF BOILERS

1. Cochran boiler Characteristics: Vertical Portable Fire-tube Multi-tube Internally fired Natural circulation Solid as well as liquid fuel can be burnt

2. Lancashire boiler
Characteristics: Horizontal Stationary Fire tube Internally fired Multi tube Natural circulation of hot gases It burns solid fuel

3. Babcock and Wilcox boiler

Characteristics: Horizontal Stationary Water tube Externally fired Multi tube Natural circulation of water Having forced circulation of air and hot gases It burns solid as well as liquid fuel High pressure

BOILER EFFICIENCY
In smaller businesses or institutions there may be no employees adequately trained to operate and maintain boilers for efficient operation. In larger firms or institutions, the people who are trained are overextended are have lack time for optimal boiler maintenance. Boiler never works at 100% efficiency due to heat loss & incomplete combustion.

REFERNCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia Book: Prof. P.S.Desai, 10th edition, Atul

prkashan, 2009-10. http://twaintimes.net/boat/images4/boiler5c .jpg http://z.about.com/d/homerepair/1/0/E/6/-//boiler_elevation.jpg